AP Statistics Unit 1 Questions and Answers 2023

AP Statistics Unit 1 Questions and Answers 2023 Population the entire collection of individuals or objects about which information is desired. may be considered to be finite or infinite Census a collection of data from every member of the population Sample a sub-collection or subset of a population selected for study Parameter a numerical characteristic of a population Statistic a numerical characteristic of a sample Variable the characteristic about which we are interested Data the observations that have been collected Qualitative Data categorical or attribute data Quantitative Data numerical data Discrete Data count dataquantitative) Continuous Data measure dataquantitative) Sampling Error the difference between the result of a sample and the result for the entire population. caused by random fluctuations of the sample- i.e. by chance Normal bell-shaped distribution Statistically Significant observation that is extremely unlikely to happen simply by chance Descriptive Statistics the collection, presentation, and description of data Inferential Statistics interpreting the data in order to draw conclusions about the population, based on information obtained from a sample Frequency Distribution a chart or table giving the values of a variable together with their corresponding frequencies Blood Type example of a frequency distribution for qualitative data Class Width the difference between two consecutive lower class boundaries Class Midpoints the center value of each class Relative Frequency a proportional measure of frequency, calculated by dividing the frequency of that class by the total frequency of the data set Pie Chart a circular graph showing the relationships of parts to a whole, only one variable at a time may be displayed Bar Graph a rectangular graph representing quantities using heights of detached rectangles, generally used to display qualitative or discrete data, displays an ungrouped frequency distribution Histogram a rectangular graph representing quantities using heights of attached rectangles, used to display continuous data, displays a grouped frequency Elements of a Histogram a title, a horizontal scaleidentifying the variable), a vertical scaleidentifying frequencies) Stem and Leaf Display combines graphing and sorting the data, split into the leading digits, the trailing digits Outlier an unusually large or small data value with respect to its data set Dotplot a number line above which each data value is plotted as a point Measures of Central Tendency the middle or center of a data set, averages- mean, median, mode, midrange Averages mean, median, mode, midrange Arithmetic Mean adding the data values and dividing by the number of data values, balance point of a data set X Bar sample mean - statistic Mu population mean - parameter Median physical center of a data set Mode the most frequently occurring value in a data set Bimodal when two values occur with the same greatest frequency Midrange the value midway between the lowest and highest values in a data set, L+H/2 Measures of Dispersion measure the spread or variability of the data set Range the difference between the largest and smallest values in a data set Standard Deviation the average distance of the data values from their mean Within 1 Standard Deviation 68% Within 2 Standard Deviations 95% Within 3 Standard Deviations 99.7% Measures of Relative Standing indicates the position of a data value in terms of its data set Z-Score gives the position of a data value in terms of standard deviations from its mean Quartiles divide an ordered data set into four equal parts Five-Number Summary Lowmin), Q1, medianQ2), Q3, and highmax) Interquartile Range Q3-Q1 Probability ______ that an event will occur is the relative frequency with which that event can be expected to occur P theoretical probability P' empirical probability