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BIOL 116 UNIT 1 NOTES ROBIN YOUNG 2023
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UNIT 1 NOTES FULL ROBIN YOUNG CLASS FIRST YEAR BIOLOGY 116
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BIOL 116YES
, BIOL LL 6 ✗ What is extensible cream
search this
up
%
the 4 main macromolecules -
monomers -
Polar
/ Why ? -
Extensible
under
Proteins (polypeptides) → Amino Acids Tar
Y eo
◦ → Po -
Nucleic acids Files →
Nucleotides → Yes ntc terminus / s -3
' '
0 Carbohydrates → Monosaccharides → Not polar → Not extensible
0
Lipids → variables e. g fatty Acidtglyerol & more → Polar btwn OH groups → Yes
→
Polarity
◦ Means asymmetric
◦
Polarity of a bond :
unequal charge distribution btwn 2 atoms
◦
polarity of molecule :
unequal charge distribution over a whole MIC
◦ structural polarity of a polymer
:
A
polymer has two chemically
distinct ends , and so it has directionally
Nucleic acids directionally
'
0 :
583
◦
Polypeptides N-terminus &
: C- terminus
◦
Many others :
polarity of a whole cell , tissues, even polarity of the earth
→ AMINO ACID STRUCTURE
Amino H o ← carboxyl group
\ GROUP ,
N Ha C C HOW to determine what of R group we have
→
type
- - -
1 µ
◦ Non -
polar side chains will have almost exclusively
R →
R GROUP
-
carbons & Hydrogens in them (except methionine has an
↓↑ s, tryptophan has an N in it
H H o Polar side chains have oxygen or nitrogen in them ,
I 1
¢0 creating dipole moment in the R
-
group , this often takes
H N C C form as hydroxide [ OH )
- - -
-
1 1 10
-
H R
→ GENERAL FUNCTIONS OF PROTEINS
movement /
1. Locomotion → cells crawl , helps cells move
2. Catalysis -
Enzymes speed up biochemical rxn 'S by lowering ActivatorsEÉ
3.
signaling sends / -
receives signals from exterior
4. Defense -
Protects cell / organism from outside threats
5. structure -
Provide mechanical support within cell , or for tissue / %g%%↑sm
6. Transport -
MOVE MIC 's across the plasma memb , or through cytoplasm
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