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Biol 116 ubco midterm 2 summary review
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Terms to review for midterm 2 of BIOL 116 UBCO with ROBIN YOUNG
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, BIOLMEDTERM 2 180K e vids on-> NUClei) (kids and DNAStULKt Live canvas lecture
-> Nucleic acids-monomer=ncleotides, POlIr(3'8 S' end), extensible notes
oDNA and RNA are synthesized by adding a new nucleotide triphosphate to the 3's4pcr
DNA is synthesized from s'toy' by convention this is how you read DNA
·
only certain purine pyrimidine base pairs have
-
the same peometries
-> Mismatched base pairs will throw the backbone of the DNA out of alignment, and will cause strain
on the structure
o The shape change in the DNA makes it difficult for the polymerase to add the wrong base
->
DNA double helix has major minor grooves that allow protein binding
·Minor proove: non-specific binding
·Major proove: sequence specific binding
-
-> similar to lipid bilayer formation, the DNA Double helix structure keeps non-polar groups away from
Water
o The fCt, PIGGr, lrgely non-polar bases stack on top of each other -
excluding Water
-> HOW tO reCd DNA based on Structure -3 critical information
os'to' is the convention for writing DNA orRNA sequences -
always label directionality on tests
·size of bases: pyrimidines (C, T,4) are small (single ring)//purines (G. A) are big bases (double ring)
o Of H-Bonds in Watson-crick base-pdiving:
-> AOT: 2 Hydropen bonds a nydrogen (- H) where
duvanes
has
amethylc-CH3)
-> COG: 3 Hydropen bonds mine s
the s
-> Monomers & primary structure proUD deoxyribose
Ribose
-> RNA monomers differ in 2 ways
I
3
· Bases are Urcii) instead of thymine 3
OH Off H
Off
·
contains ribose instead of deoxyribose
·the presence of the off prop on the ribose makes RNA less stable but more reactive
-> RNA 4ISO has 4 secondary Stck+LIre
·Results from complimentary base pairing, bases in RNA typically from hydrogen bonds we comp bases on
the same strand
·
The RNA can fold over, forming a hairpin loop: the bases on one side of the fold Dign with an
antiparallel RNA segment on the other side of the fold
·
long loops can have regions of double helix structure
·
RNAMICS can also have tertiary & planternary structure
-> RNA is versatile! DIND CADIXTIC!
ORNA is structural, chemically, and finally an intermediate btwn DNA proteins
·
Like DNA, RNA canfxh as an info-containing mi), and capable of self-replication
· RNA CCU fXU DSD Cdtalytic molecule: ribosomes are enzyme-like RNA's
-> PROTEIN SYNTHESIS TOPIC TWO
·Rule of thLMD: 1 protein =
150b
->
Challenges in DNA repliCCtiOn
1) spake! DNA cant be unwanDentirely
2) DNA must be synthesized from 'to3', and strands are anti-parallel
3) DNA is stable: separating the strands is not easy
↳ single strands MUST stay apart and not rejoin its original parental strand
4) TWisting forces as the helix Unwinds (like prying appr+ D rope)
SRNA primers have to be removed and replaced with DNA
6)The 1dging strand pieces have to be joined together
1) In eukaryotes, the linear chromosomes will shorten at the ends
o) mistakes in replication are very bed and must be minimized!
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