Dit document bevat een samenvatting van het onderdeel Criminologie binnen het keuzevak in het derde jaar van de Professionele Bachelor Orthopedagogie 'Inleiding tot Criminologie en Strafrecht'. Ook het onderdeel strafrecht staat hier online, je kan deze twee onderdelen ook samen kopen in de voordee...
CRIMINOLOGIE EN
INLEIDING TOT HET
STRAFRECHT
Bachelor in de Orthopedagogie
Bachelor in de Orthopedagogie
2022-2023
Femke Peeters
,Inhoud
1. CRIMINOLOGIE: EEN INLEIDING
Wat is criminologie?...............................................................................................................................5
Criminaliteitsdefinities............................................................................................................................6
De normatieve criminaliteitsdefinitie.................................................................................................6
Juridische / strafrechtelijke misdaaddefinitie.................................................................................6
Morele misdaaddefinitie................................................................................................................7
Mensenrechtendefinitie van criminaliteit......................................................................................7
Sociale misdaaddefinitie.................................................................................................................7
De reactieve criminaliteitsdefinitie.....................................................................................................7
Labelling-benadering van criminaliteit – criminaliteit als sociale constructie.................................8
Conflict-theoretische definitie van criminaliteit.............................................................................8
Criminologie in een geschiedkundig kader.............................................................................................8
Criminaliteit en het strafrechtsdenken voor de 18 e eeuw..................................................................8
Het strafrechtsdenken tijdens het Ancien Regime.............................................................................9
Het classicisme tijdens de Verlichting.................................................................................................9
Het positivistisch denken in de 19e eeuw...........................................................................................9
Individueel positivisme...................................................................................................................9
Sociaal positivisme........................................................................................................................10
Het strafrechtsdenken tot de jaren 60 van de 20 ste eeuw.................................................................10
Differentiële associatietheorie van Sutherland – sociaal positivisme...........................................10
Merton en de anomietheorie: structureel-functionalistische criminaliteitstheorie.....................11
Het strafrechtsdenken na de jaren 60 van de 20 ste eeuw..................................................................12
Plaats delict..........................................................................................................................................13
Politioneel onderzoek...........................................................................................................................14
Sporenonderzoek.................................................................................................................................15
Inleiding................................................................................................................................................18
Geschiedenis........................................................................................................................................18
Biologie.................................................................................................................................................19
Criminalistisch belang...........................................................................................................................19
Grondslagen.........................................................................................................................................19
1. Uniek............................................................................................................................................20
2. Onveranderlijk..............................................................................................................................20
3. Classificatiemogelijkheden...........................................................................................................20
NIVEAU 1: richting van de lijnen – ridge flow...............................................................................21
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, NIVEAU 2: traject en lengte lijnen – typica...................................................................................22
NIVEAU 3: dikte en vorm lijnen + poriën......................................................................................22
Handpalmsporen..................................................................................................................................22
Classificatie- en identificatiesystemen in België...................................................................................23
Niet wettelijk geregeld.....................................................................................................................23
Drie mogelijkheden identificatieproces............................................................................................23
1. Kwantitatieve of numerieke benadering..................................................................................24
2. Kwalitatieve holistische benadering.........................................................................................24
3. Probalistische benadering.........................................................................................................24
Vingersporenonderzoek.......................................................................................................................25
Soort vingersporen.......................................................................................................................25
Drie soorten methodes afhankelijk van ondergrond....................................................................25
Uitbreiding............................................................................................................................................26
DNA..................................................................................................................................................26
Dental: forensische odontologie.......................................................................................................26
Inleiding................................................................................................................................................27
Psychologie vs. psychiatrie...............................................................................................................27
Psychologie vs. recht – spanningsveld!.............................................................................................27
Evolutie.............................................................................................................................................28
Persoonlijkheidsstoornissen.................................................................................................................28
Algemene kenmerken persoonlijkheidsstoornissen.........................................................................28
Persoonlijkheidsstoornis vs. klinische stoornis.............................................................................29
Soorten persoonlijkheidsstoornissen...............................................................................................29
De antisociale persoonlijkheidsstoornis...........................................................................................30
Assessment persoonlijkheidsstoornis...............................................................................................31
Twee assessment-tools.................................................................................................................31
Categoriaal vs. dimensioneel perspectief.....................................................................................31
Alternative Model of Personality Disorders – AMPD....................................................................32
Assessment is moeilijk..................................................................................................................33
Psychopathie........................................................................................................................................33
Wat is psychopathie.........................................................................................................................33
Basisconceptualisatie door Hervey Cleckley – ‘Mask of sanity’ (1941).........................................33
Assessment psychopathie.................................................................................................................34
Risicofactoren – verklaring...............................................................................................................35
Fearlessnessmodel........................................................................................................................35
Ontwikkelingsperspectief.................................................................................................................36
2
, Implicaties psychopathie..................................................................................................................37
Juridische implicaties....................................................................................................................37
Therapeutische implicaties...........................................................................................................37
Link met antisociale persoonlijkheidsstoornis..................................................................................38
Toepassing: politionele context............................................................................................................38
GAC...................................................................................................................................................39
Profielanalyse...............................................................................................................................39
Verhoren kwetsbare verdachten..................................................................................................40
Inleiding................................................................................................................................................43
Seriemoordenaar, massamoordenaar en spreekiller...........................................................................43
Kenmerken van een seriemoordenaar.................................................................................................44
Modus Operandi – MO.........................................................................................................................44
Bekende seriemoordenaars..................................................................................................................45
Lijkschouw............................................................................................................................................46
Natuurlijke dood...............................................................................................................................46
Niet-natuurlijke dood.......................................................................................................................46
Procedure.........................................................................................................................................47
Autopsie – inwendige schouw..........................................................................................................47
Belang lijkschouw.............................................................................................................................48
Checklist lijkschouw..........................................................................................................................48
Onderzoek overledene.....................................................................................................................49
Schouw algemeen................................................................................................................................50
In de woning.....................................................................................................................................50
Lijkvinding.............................................................................................................................................50
Negatieve verschijnselen van de dood.............................................................................................51
Positieve verschijnselen van de dood...............................................................................................51
Postmortale verschijnselen..................................................................................................................51
Lijkvlekken – Livores.........................................................................................................................51
Beoordeling livores.......................................................................................................................52
Lijkstijfheid.......................................................................................................................................52
Afkoeling...........................................................................................................................................53
Omgevingsfactoren......................................................................................................................53
Lijkengeur.....................................................................................................................................53
Uitdroging van het lijk......................................................................................................................53
Ontbinding........................................................................................................................................54
Rotting – putrefactie.....................................................................................................................54
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