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samenvatting mens en werk 1

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  • May 15, 2023
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Inhoudsopgave
1. HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: WAT IS HET EN WAAR DIENT HET TOE?..................................................................... 5
1.1. DEFINITIE EN DOELEN VAN HRM ................................................................................................................................................. 5
1.2. NIVEAUS VAN HRM ................................................................................................................................................................. 5
1.2.1. HRM aan de basis: operationeel HRM......................................................................................................................... 5
1.2.2. Koers bepalen: strategische regulering ....................................................................................................................... 6
1.2.3. Inrichten van de organisatie: organisatorisch of tactisch HR-beleid ........................................................................... 6
1.2.4. HRM en maatschappij: institutionele regulering ......................................................................................................... 6
1.3. HRM VANUIT VERSCHILLENDE PERSPECTIEVEN ............................................................................................................................... 7
1.4. VERSCHILLEN IN ORGANISATIE EN HUMAN RESOURCES ..................................................................................................................... 7
1.4.1. Verschillen tussen organisaties ................................................................................................................................... 8
1.4.2. Verschillen tussen medewerkers (human resources) ................................................................................................... 9
2. ARBEIDSMARKT EN PERSONEELSPLANNING .................................................................................................................... 11
2.1. DE ARBEIDSMARKT ................................................................................................................................................................. 11
2.1.1. Werking van de arbeidsmarkt ................................................................................................................................... 11
2.1.2. De drie 0’s op de arbeidsmarkt.................................................................................................................................. 12
2.1.3. Drie niveaus voor de match tussen vraag en aanbod................................................................................................ 12
2.2. DE NOODZAAK OM TE PLANNEN ................................................................................................................................................ 12
2.3. STRATEGISCHE PERSONEELSPLANNING (SPP) ............................................................................................................................... 12
2.3.1. Analyse van trends in de organisatie en de strategische doelstellingen ................................................................... 13
2.3.2. Analyse in termen van kwantiteit, kwaliteit en kosten.............................................................................................. 13
2.3.3. Analyse van huidige kenmerken en prestaties, inzetbaar, ontwikkelpotentieel en ambities .................................... 13
2.3.4. Het vaststellen van het verschil tussen de huidige en de gewenste situatie ............................................................. 14
2.3.5. Actieplan voor korte, middellange en lange termijn met (HR)-instrumenten ........................................................... 15
2.3.6. Inbedden en monitoren van strategische personeelsplanning .................................................................................. 15
2.4. EEN LASTIGE OPGAVE .............................................................................................................................................................. 15
3. STROOMBELEID ............................................................................................................................................................... 16
3.1. WAT IS STROOMBELEID?.......................................................................................................................................................... 16
3.1.1. Stroombeleid binnen organisaties ............................................................................................................................. 16
3.1.2. Stromen binnen netwerken en communities ............................................................................................................. 17
3.1.3. Flexibele arbeidskrachten .......................................................................................................................................... 17
3.2. WAAROM IS STROOMBELEID RELEVANT? ..................................................................................................................................... 17
3.2.1. Organisatieperspectief: behoefte aan wendbaarheid ............................................................................................... 17
3.2.2. Medewerkersperspectief: sterkere nadruk op persoonlijke ontwikkeling ................................................................. 18
3.3. WAARDOOR KOMEN MEDEWERKERS IN BEWEGING? ..................................................................................................................... 19
3.3.1. Prikkels voor individuele medewerkers...................................................................................................................... 19
3.3.2. Prikkels voor de organisatie ...................................................................................................................................... 19
3.3.3. Bijzondere vormen van uitstroom ............................................................................................................................. 19
3.4. WAT ZIJN DE OPBRENGSTEN EN KOSTEN VAN STROMEN? ................................................................................................................ 20
3.5. MANAGEN VAN STROMEN........................................................................................................................................................ 21
3.5.1. Raamwerk van strategische functies ......................................................................................................................... 21
3.5.2. HR-instrumenten ten behoeve van het managen van de personele stromen ........................................................... 21
3.6. JURIDISCH KADER BIJ DE VERSCHILLENDE PERSONELE STROMEN ........................................................................................................ 22
3.6.1. Doorstroom ............................................................................................................................................................... 22
3.6.2. Uitstroom: vrijwillig ontslag ...................................................................................................................................... 22
3.6.3. Uitstroom: onvrijwillig ontslag .................................................................................................................................. 22
4. MATCHING VAN TALENTEN EN FUNCTIES ........................................................................................................................ 24
4.1. WERVING ............................................................................................................................................................................. 24
4.2. VASTSTELLEN VAN COMPETENTIES, TALENTEN EN DRIJFVEREN .......................................................................................................... 25
4.2.1. Wat zijn competenties? ............................................................................................................................................. 25
4.2.2. Duurzame inzetbaarheid: aandacht voor talenten en drijfveren .............................................................................. 25
4.3. HET INRICHTEN VAN HET SELECTIETRAJECT ................................................................................................................................... 26
4.4. OVERZICHT VAN MATCHINGSMETHODEN ..................................................................................................................................... 28
4.4.1. De vier klassieke matchingsmethoden ...................................................................................................................... 28
4.4.2. Andere methoden van matching ............................................................................................................................... 29

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, 4.4.3. Criteria die van invloed zijn op de keuze van matchingsmethode ............................................................................. 30
4.5. HET ASSESSMENTCENTER ......................................................................................................................................................... 31
4.5.1. Wat is een assessmentcenter? .................................................................................................................................. 31
4.5.2. Het beoordelen van gedrag: eisen aan beoordelaars................................................................................................ 31
4.6. HET RENDEMENT VAN MATCHING .............................................................................................................................................. 31
4.7. INWERKEN EN BEGELEIDEN VAN NIEUWE MEDEWERKERS ................................................................................................................ 32
5. MAATWERK IN WERK ...................................................................................................................................................... 33
5.1. HOE DUURZAAM WERK WERKT .................................................................................................................................................. 33
5.1.1. Duurzaam werk als kwestie van “fit” ........................................................................................................................ 33
5.1.2. Een dynamisch fitperspectief op werk ....................................................................................................................... 34
5.2. MANAGEN VAN DYNAMISCHE FIT IN WERK ................................................................................................................................... 34
5.2.1. Oorzaken van dynamiek in het werk ......................................................................................................................... 34
5.2.2. Managen van fit in de praktijk .................................................................................................................................. 35
5.3. BANEN OP MAAT CREËREN: JOB ENGINEERING .............................................................................................................................. 35
5.3.1. Job crafting ................................................................................................................................................................ 35
5.3.2. Job carving................................................................................................................................................................. 36
5.3.3. Job slashing ............................................................................................................................................................... 36
5.4. DE HRM’ER ALS MAATWERKINGENIEUR ..................................................................................................................................... 37
6. MOTIVATIE EN LEIDINGGEVEN ........................................................................................................................................ 38
6.1. WAT BEZIELT MENSEN? ........................................................................................................................................................... 38
6.2. VERWACHTINGENMANAGEMENT: HET PSYCHOLOGISCH CONTRACT ................................................................................................... 38
6.2.1. Verschillen in arbeidsoriëntatie ................................................................................................................................. 38
6.2.2. Verschillen in wederzijdse verwachtingen ................................................................................................................. 38
6.3. VERANDERENDE PSYCHOLOGISCHE CONTRACTEN .......................................................................................................................... 39
6.4. LEIDINGGEVEN EN MOTIVATIE ................................................................................................................................................... 40
6.5. VAN DE FUNCTIE VAN LEIDINGGEVEN NAAR DE PERSOON VAN DE MANAGER ....................................................................................... 40
6.5.1. Kan iedereen leidinggeven?....................................................................................................................................... 40
6.5.2. Wat maakt leidinggeven succesvol? ......................................................................................................................... 41
6.5.3. De relatie leidinggevende – medewerker .................................................................................................................. 41
6.6. LEIDINGGEVEN ALS AANDACHTSGEBIED VOOR HRM ...................................................................................................................... 42
7. DE HR-GESPREKSCYCLUS: PERFORMANCEMANAGEMENT................................................................................................ 43
7.1. PERFORMANCE EN DE HR-CYCLUS ............................................................................................................................................. 43
7.2. PRESTATIES AAN DE BASIS VAN DE HR-CYCLUS.............................................................................................................................. 43
7.2.1. Relatie tussen doelen en prestaties ........................................................................................................................... 44
7.2.2. Hoe ziet de HR-cyclus eruit? ...................................................................................................................................... 44
7.3. DE HR-GESPREKCYCLUS ........................................................................................................................................................... 44
7.3.1. Functioneringsgesprek .............................................................................................................................................. 45
7.3.2. Persoonlijk ontwikkelingsplan (POP) ......................................................................................................................... 45
7.3.3. Valkuilen en verbetermogelijkheden ......................................................................................................................... 46
7.3.4. Factoren die het functioneren beïnvloeden ............................................................................................................... 46
7.4. INTEGRALE PRESTATIEMANAGEMENTSYSTEMEN ............................................................................................................................ 47
7.5. BEOORDELINGSMETHODEN ...................................................................................................................................................... 48
7.5.1. Eisen aan beoordelingsmethoden ............................................................................................................................. 48
7.5.2. Soorten methoden ..................................................................................................................................................... 49
7.5.3. Beoordelingsconsequenties ....................................................................................................................................... 49
7.5.4. Bijzondere vormen van beoordelen ........................................................................................................................... 50
8. BELONEN ......................................................................................................................................................................... 51
8.1. DOEL VAN BELONEN ................................................................................................................................................................ 51
8.1.1. Onderdeel van contract ............................................................................................................................................. 51
8.1.2. Aantrekken en behouden van personeel ................................................................................................................... 51
8.1.3. Sturingsmechanisme ................................................................................................................................................. 51
8.2. GRONDSLAGEN VAN BELONING ................................................................................................................................................. 52
8.2.1. De functie als begrotingsgrondslag ........................................................................................................................... 52
8.2.2. Prestaties als beloningsgrondslag ............................................................................................................................. 53
8.2.3. Lidmaatschap als grondslag van belonen ................................................................................................................. 54
8.2.4. Omstandigheden als beloningsgrondslag ................................................................................................................. 54
8.3. VAN GRONDSLAGEN NAAR BELONING ......................................................................................................................................... 54
8.3.1. Van grondslag “functie” naar vast inkomen ............................................................................................................. 54
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, 8.3.2. Van de grondslag “prestatie” naar variabel inkomen ............................................................................................... 56
8.3.3. Van grondslag “lidmaatschap” naar secundaire arbeidsvoorwaarden ..................................................................... 57
8.3.4. Van de grondslag “omstandigheid” naar toeslagen ................................................................................................. 58
8.3.5. Mix tussen beloningselementen: opbouw van beloningspakket ............................................................................... 58
8.3.6. Flexibilisering van arbeidsvoorwaarden .................................................................................................................... 58
8.4. TOETSING VAN HET BELONINGSPAKKET ....................................................................................................................................... 58
8.4.1. Interne toets .............................................................................................................................................................. 58
8.4.2. Externe toets ............................................................................................................................................................. 58
8.5. WET- EN REGELGEVING ........................................................................................................................................................... 59
9. HET ONTWIKKELEN EN OPLEIDEN VAN MEDEWERKERS ................................................................................................... 60
9.1. ONTWIKKELEN VAN HUMAN RESOURCES ..................................................................................................................................... 60
9.2. HET INITIËREN VAN ONTWIKKELING EN OPLEIDING ......................................................................................................................... 60
9.2.1. Opleiden en ontwikkelen vanuit organisatieperspectief ........................................................................................... 60
9.2.2. Opleiden en ontwikkelen vanuit medewerkersperspectief ........................................................................................ 61
9.2.3. Leren en ontwikkelen in relatie tot andere HR-interventies ...................................................................................... 61
9.3. LEREN EN OPLEIDEN DOOR DE EEUWEN HEEN ............................................................................................................................... 62
9.4. VORMEN VAN LEREN EN OPLEIDEN ............................................................................................................................................. 63
9.4.1. Informeel leren op het werk ...................................................................................................................................... 63
9.4.2. Leren via netwerken .................................................................................................................................................. 63
9.4.3. Leren op de werkplek door innovaties en projecten .................................................................................................. 63
9.4.4. Formeel leren op de werkplek: opleiden op de werkplek .......................................................................................... 64
9.4.5. Teamleren.................................................................................................................................................................. 64
9.4.6. Leren via cursussen en opleidingen ........................................................................................................................... 64
9.4.7. Combinatie van leervormen ...................................................................................................................................... 64
9.5. IMPACT VAN OPLEIDEN: HET VRAAGSTUK VAN TRANSFER ................................................................................................................ 64
9.5.1. Transfer: wat is het? .................................................................................................................................................. 64
9.5.2. Factoren die van invloed zijn op de transfer .............................................................................................................. 65
9.6. DE TOEKOMST EN DE RELATIE TUSSEN ICT EN LEREN ....................................................................................................................... 65
9.6.1. Toekomstbestendig opleiden..................................................................................................................................... 65
9.7. HET RENDEMENT VAN OPLEIDEN................................................................................................................................................ 66
10. COMPETENTIE- EN TALENTMANAGEMENT .................................................................................................................. 68
10.1. VAN PRESTATIE- NAAR COMPETENTIEMANAGEMENT ................................................................................................................. 68
10.2. COMPETENTIEMANAGEMENT ................................................................................................................................................ 69
10.2.1. Van kerncompetenties naar medewerkerscompetenties .......................................................................................... 69
10.2.2. De ijsberg onder het wateroppervlak ........................................................................................................................ 69
10.2.3. Competenties van de medewerker ............................................................................................................................ 69
10.2.4. Competentiewoordenboek en competentieprofiel .................................................................................................... 70
10.2.5. Beoordelen en belonen van competenties................................................................................................................. 70
10.2.6. Kritiek op competentiemanagement ......................................................................................................................... 70
10.3. TALENTENMANAGEMENT ..................................................................................................................................................... 71
10.4. TALENTMANAGEMENT ALS BETROKKENHEIDSSTRATEGIE ............................................................................................................. 71
11. GEZONDHEID EN VITALITEITSMANAGEMENT ............................................................................................................... 72
11.1. GEZONDHEID, WERKVERMOGEN EN VITALITEIT ......................................................................................................................... 72
11.1.1. Werkvermogen: kunnen werken ............................................................................................................................... 72
11.1.2. Vitaliteit: willen werken ............................................................................................................................................. 72
11.1.3. Employability: mogen werken ................................................................................................................................... 72
11.1.4. Duurzame inzetbaarheid: nu en in de toekomst ........................................................................................................ 72
11.2. BELANG VAN GEZONDHEID EN VITALITEIT................................................................................................................................. 73
11.3. OORZAKEN VAN GEBREK AAN GEZONDHEID EN VITALITEIT ........................................................................................................... 73
11.3.1. Oorzaken in het werk................................................................................................................................................. 73
11.3.2. Oorzaken in de persoon ............................................................................................................................................. 74
11.4. MAATREGELEN OM GEZONDHEID EN VITALITEIT TE BEVORDEREN .................................................................................................. 74
11.4.1. Curatieve, preventieve en amplitieve maatregelen ................................................................................................... 74
11.4.2. Balans tussen draagkracht en draaglast ................................................................................................................... 75
11.4.3. Een aanpak via het V-model ...................................................................................................................................... 75
11.4.4. Gedeelde verantwoordelijkheid................................................................................................................................. 76
12. LOOPBAANMANAGEMENT EN -BEGELEIDING .............................................................................................................. 77
12.1. CONTEXT VAN LOOPBANEN................................................................................................................................................... 77
3

, 12.1.1. Loopbaan vroeger ..................................................................................................................................................... 77
12.1.2. Loopbanen nu ............................................................................................................................................................ 77
12.2. LOOPBAANMANAGEMENT: EEN GEDEELDE VERANTWOORDELIJKHEID ............................................................................................ 78
12.2.1. Loopbaansturing door het individu (zelf)................................................................................................................... 78
12.2.2. Loopbaansturing door organisaties (beleid).............................................................................................................. 79
12.3. LOOPBAANBEGELEIDING ALS PROFESSIONEEL PROCES ................................................................................................................. 80
12.3.1. Loopbaanbegeleiding in de praktijk .......................................................................................................................... 80
12.3.2. De rol van leidinggevenden ....................................................................................................................................... 80
12.4. LOOPBAANBEGELEIDING OP WEG NAAR MORGEN ...................................................................................................................... 80
12.5. HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT EN PSYCHODIAGNOSTIEK ....................................................................................................... 81
13. STAND VAN ZAKEN EN TOEKOMSTIGE UITDAGINGEN VOOR HRM ............................................................................... 83
13.1. TERUGBLIK ........................................................................................................................................................................ 83
13.2. EEN SAMENLEVING EN ORGANISATIES IN VERANDERING .............................................................................................................. 83
13.3. NIEUWE OPGAVEN VOOR DE HR-FUNCTIE ............................................................................................................................... 84
13.3.1. Meer diversiteit in hrm .............................................................................................................................................. 84
13.3.2. Verandering in de hrm-functie .................................................................................................................................. 84
13.4. STURING OP DE WERKVLOER: DE ROL VAN LEIDINGGEVENDEN ...................................................................................................... 84
13.4.1. Problemen in samenwerking hrm en leidinggevenden.............................................................................................. 85
13.4.2. Lijnmanagers als uitvoerend hrm-professional ......................................................................................................... 85
13.5. VERANDERENDE ARBEIDSRELATIES ......................................................................................................................................... 86
13.5.1. Arbeidsrelaties worden diverser ................................................................................................................................ 86
13.5.2. Arbeidsrelatie vraagt meer onderhoud ..................................................................................................................... 86
13.5.3. Er is behoefte aan maatwerk .................................................................................................................................... 86
13.6. GEVOLGEN VOOR DE BESTURING VAN ARBEIDSRELATIES.............................................................................................................. 87
13.6.1. Van collectieve regelingen naar maatwerk ............................................................................................................... 87
13.6.2. Van centrale regie naar zelfsturing door medewerkers. ........................................................................................... 87
13.7. SLOTBESCHOUWING: AGILITY EN SUSTAINABILITY ...................................................................................................................... 87




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