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school- en pedagogische psychologie samenvatting
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Goede, uitgebreide samenvatting voor het vak school- en pedagogische psychologie. Met deze samenvatting was ik er van de 1e keer door voor het vak.
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SCHOOLPSYCHOLOGIE ENPEDAGOGISCHE PSYCHOLOGIE
2022-2023
INHOUDSOPGAVE
hoofdstuk 1: inleiding – kinderen en jongeren met gedrags- en emotionele problemen (met cursustekst)...... 7
1. inleiding ....................................................................................................................................................... 7
2. wat zijn gedrags- en emotionele problemen? ............................................................................................. 7
2.1. terminologie ........................................................................................................................................ 7
2.2. aandachtspunten bij het definiëren van gedrags- en emotionele problemen .................................... 7
3. classificatie van gedrags- en emotionele problemen .................................................................................. 8
3.1. klinisch-psychiatrische classificatiesystemen ...................................................................................... 8
3.2. empirisch-statische classificatiesystemen (niet kennen in reader) ..................................................... 8
4. epidemiologisch onderzoek naar gedrags- en emotionele problemen bij kinderen en jongeren ................ 8
5. etiologie van gedrags- en emotionele problemen (tekst in reader niet zo diep kennen)............................. 9
6. diagnostiek van gedrags- en emotionele problemen ................................................................................ 11
6.1. onderkennende of classificerende diagnostiek ................................................................................. 11
6.2. verklarende diagnostiek .................................................................................................................... 12
6.3. (be)handelingsgerichte diagnostiek .................................................................................................. 12
7. behandeling van gedrags- en emotionele problemen ............................................................................... 12
7.1. algemene aspecten van behandeling ................................................................................................ 12
7.2. theoretische perspectieven op behandeling (niet kennen in reader) ............................................... 12
hoofdstuk 2: ADHD (met cursustekst!) .......................................................................................................... 13
1. kenmerken van kinderen met ADHD ......................................................................................................... 13
2. criteria van ADHD volgens DSM 5 (APA).................................................................................................... 14
3. kenmerken van ADHD op verschillende leeftijden ..................................................................................... 16
4. differentiaaldiagnose en comorbiditeit ..................................................................................................... 17
5. prevalentie (voorkomen) ........................................................................................................................... 18
6. culturele en maatschappelijke invloeden .................................................................................................. 18
7. etiologie (risico- en beschermende factoren) ............................................................................................ 19
8. diagnostiek ................................................................................................................................................ 21
9. preventie en behandeling .......................................................................................................................... 22
9.1. drie bewezn therapievormen (= effectiviteit is aangetoond in evidence-based onderzoek ............. 23
1
, 9.2. drie nieuwe, mogelijke nieuwe behandelmethoden ......................................................................... 25
hoofdstuk 3: agressie en gedragsproblemen (hoort onder ‘andere zorgvragen’) ........................................... 26
1. kenmerken van ernstige gedragsproblemen? ........................................................................................... 26
2. wanneer spreken we van een stoornis (DSM 5)? ....................................................................................... 28
3. differentiaaldiagnose (moeilijk te onderscheiden) en comorbiditeit (samen voorkomen) ........................ 28
4. prevalentie ................................................................................................................................................. 29
5. culturele en maatschappelijke invloeden .................................................................................................. 29
6. etiologie (risico- en beschermende factoren) ............................................................................................ 30
7. diagnostiek ................................................................................................................................................ 32
8. preventie en behandeling .......................................................................................................................... 33
8.1. motivatie ........................................................................................................................................... 33
8.2. ambulante behandeling..................................................................................................................... 34
8.3. residentiële behandeling ................................................................................................................... 37
8.4. interventies op school ....................................................................................................................... 38
hoofdstuk 4: kinderen en jongeren met een licht verstandelijke beperking (met cursustekst) ...................... 40
1. definitie en criteria van verstandelijke beperking...................................................................................... 40
2. kinderen en jongeren met een licht verstandelijke beperking in de Vlaamse onderwijs- en zorgcontext . 42
3. kenmerken van kinderen en jongeren met een licht verstandelijke beperking ......................................... 42
3.1. algemene intelligentie ....................................................................................................................... 43
3.2. cognitieve vaardigheden en informatieverwerking........................................................................... 43
3.3. schoolse vaardigheden en leerproblemen ........................................................................................ 44
3.4. taal en communicatie ........................................................................................................................ 44
3.5. sociaal-emotionele ontwikkeling ....................................................................................................... 44
3.6. adaptief gedrag ................................................................................................................................. 44
3.7. gedrags- en emotionele problemen .................................................................................................. 45
3.8. lichamelijke en motorische ontwikkeling .......................................................................................... 45
3.9. gezin en socizle context ..................................................................................................................... 45
4. implicaties voor de diagnostiek ................................................................................................................. 45
5. diagnostische instrumenten (niet kennen in reader) ................................................................................. 45
6. begeleiding ................................................................................................................................................ 46
hoofdstuk 5: lezen, spelling en dyslexie (met cursustekst) ............................................................................ 50
1. inleiding ..................................................................................................................................................... 50
1.1. leren lezen ......................................................................................................................................... 50
1.2. leren spellen ...................................................................................................................................... 50
2. definities en begrippen .............................................................................................................................. 52
3. classificatie dyslexie (criteria!)................................................................................................................... 54
4. comorbiditeit ............................................................................................................................................. 55
5. prevalentie ................................................................................................................................................. 56
2
, 6. prognose .................................................................................................................................................... 56
hoofdstuk 6: rekenen en dyscalculie (met cursustekst) ................................................................................. 57
1. inleiding ..................................................................................................................................................... 57
2. ontwikkeling aantallen, hoeveelheden en relaties .................................................................................... 57
2.1. basisvoorwaarden ............................................................................................................................. 57
2.2. aanleg rekenen .................................................................................................................................. 57
2.3. voorbereidende rekenvaardigheden ................................................................................................. 58
2.4. aanvankelijk rekenen ......................................................................................................................... 58
2.5. mogelijke problemen bij het (leren) rekenen .................................................................................... 59
2.6. tellen.................................................................................................................................................. 59
2.7. ontwikkeling getalbegrip ................................................................................................................... 60
3. specifieke rekenvaardigheden ................................................................................................................... 60
4. dyscalculie ................................................................................................................................................. 61
4.1. kenmerken......................................................................................................................................... 61
4.2. criteria ............................................................................................................................................... 62
4.3. prevalentie ........................................................................................................................................ 62
4.4. comorbiditeit ..................................................................................................................................... 63
hoofdstuk 7: M-decreet en zorgcontinuüm in de leerlingenbegeleiding (met cursustekst) ............................ 64
1. inleiding ..................................................................................................................................................... 64
2. M-decreet .................................................................................................................................................. 64
3. zorgcontinuüm in de leerlingenbegeleiding .............................................................................................. 65
4. ondersteuningsnetwerken ......................................................................................................................... 67
5. problemen en kritiek M-decreet ................................................................................................................ 67
6. Decreet leersteun voor leerlingen met specifieke onderwijsbehoeften ..................................................... 67
7. flexibele leerwegen .................................................................................................................................... 68
hoofdstuk 8: stemmingsstoornissen, suïcide en suïcidepreventie bij kinderen en jongeren (met cursustekst)
..................................................................................................................................................................... 70
1. inleiding ..................................................................................................................................................... 71
2. criteria depressie DSM 5 ............................................................................................................................ 72
3. leeftijdsspecifieke symptomen of kenmerken ............................................................................................ 73
4. prognose (beloop) ..................................................................................................................................... 75
5. comorbiditeit en differentiaaldiagnose ..................................................................................................... 75
6. prevalentie ................................................................................................................................................. 76
7. culturele en maatschappelijke invloeden .................................................................................................. 76
8. etiologie ..................................................................................................................................................... 76
9. diagnostiek ................................................................................................................................................ 77
10. preventie en behandeling van depressie bij kinderen en jongeren ........................................................ 79
11. suïcide bij kinderen jongeren en suïcidepreventie ................................................................................. 84
3
, 11.1. definities ............................................................................................................................................... 84
11.2. cijfers .................................................................................................................................................... 85
11.3. suïcidaal proces .................................................................................................................................... 85
11.4. preventie: detectie van suïcidaal gedrag .............................................................................................. 85
hoofdstuk 9: DCD (met cursustekst) .............................................................................................................. 88
1. klinisch beeld ............................................................................................................................................. 88
2. criteria DSM 5 ............................................................................................................................................ 89
3. prevalentie ................................................................................................................................................. 90
4. prognose .................................................................................................................................................... 90
5. diagnostiek ................................................................................................................................................ 90
6. begeleiding ................................................................................................................................................ 90
hoofdstuk 10: taalstoornissen (met cursustekst)........................................................................................... 92
1. inleiding ..................................................................................................................................................... 92
2. problemen in de taalontwikkeling ............................................................................................................. 92
3. criteria primaire spraak- en taalontwikkelingsproblemen ........................................................................ 93
4. prevalentie ................................................................................................................................................. 94
5. prognose .................................................................................................................................................... 94
6. diagnostiek ................................................................................................................................................ 94
7. behandeling ............................................................................................................................................... 95
hoofdstuk 11: ontwikkelen van cognitief talent ............................................................................................ 97
1. theoretische achtergrond .......................................................................................................................... 97
2. kracht in jezelf ........................................................................................................................................... 98
3. kracht in je omgeving .............................................................................................................................. 103
hoofdstuk 12: sociale relaties tussen kinderen en pesten (met cursustekst) ............................................... 107
1. theoretische en empirische achtergrond (begrippen en concepten) ....................................................... 107
1.1. sociaal functioneren ........................................................................................................................ 107
1.2. sociaal-cognitieve processen ........................................................................................................... 115
1.3. groepsprocessen ............................................................................................................................. 117
2. prevalentie (cyber)pesten in vlaanderen (niet in cursus) ......................................................................... 119
3. diagnostiek .............................................................................................................................................. 121
4. aanpak ..................................................................................................................................................... 122
4.1. werkzame elementen ........................................................................................................................... 122
4.2. universele interventies ................................................................................................................... 123
4.3. selectieve interventies.......................................................................................................................... 125
4.4. online pesten ........................................................................................................................................ 126
4.5. overige interventies ......................................................................................................................... 127
hoofdstuk 12: (studie)motivatie (met cursustekst)...................................................................................... 134
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