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Summary

Neurofysiologie samenvatting (16/20)

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  • Course
  • Neurowetenschappen
  • Institution
  • Universiteit Antwerpen (UA)

deze samenvatting bestaat uit de 6 besproken hoofdstukken uit de lessen neurofysiologie. ze zijn samengevat aan de hand van de powerpoints en de notities uit de lessen van prof Van Dam. ik heb 16/20 gehaald door deze samenvatting te studeren.

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Document information

  • May 16, 2023
  • July 9, 2023
  • 79
  • 2022/2023
  • Summary

Subjects

  • neurofysiologie
  • debby van dam

Written for

  • Universiteit Antwerpen (UA)
  • Biomedische Wetenschappen
  • Neurowetenschappen
All documents for this subject (46)

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NEUROFYSIOLOGIE
INHOUDSOPGAVE

1. reflexen .............................................................................................................................................. 5

1.1 Definitie..................................................................................................................................................... 5

1.2. Reflexboog op elektrofysiologisch niveau...................................................................................................... 6

1.3. Reflex: onbewust vs bewust........................................................................................................................... 6

2. thalamus ............................................................................................................................................ 7

2.1. Relaycentrum ................................................................................................................................................. 7

2.1. somatosensorische cortex ............................................................................................................................. 7

3. soorten reflexen.................................................................................................................................. 8

3.1. locatie receptor/effector................................................................................................................................ 8

3.2. functioneel ..................................................................................................................................................... 8

4. proprioceptieve reflex ......................................................................................................................... 8

4.1. Proprioreceptoren .......................................................................................................................................... 8

4.2. spierspoelen ................................................................................................................................................... 9

4.3. eigenreflex = myotatische reflex .................................................................................................................. 10

4.4. Beëindigen eigenreflex ................................................................................................................................ 11

4.5. modulatie eigenreflex .................................................................................................................................. 11

4.6. Golgi peeslichaampjes ................................................................................................................................. 12

4.7. long-loop reflex ............................................................................................................................................ 13

4.8. Proprioceptieve reflexen .............................................................................................................................. 13
snoutreflex (pathologisch indien aanwezig)................................................................................................... 13
bicepspees-, brachioradialis -, tricepspeesreflex ........................................................................................... 13
kniepeesreflex................................................................................................................................................. 14
peesreflexen ................................................................................................................................................... 14

5. exteroceptieve reflexen..................................................................................................................... 14

5.1. buigreflex ..................................................................................................................................................... 14

5.2. gekruiste strekreflex .................................................................................................................................... 15

5.3. Exteroceptieve reflexen ............................................................................................................................... 15
palmomentale reflex ...................................................................................................................................... 16
buikhuidreflex ................................................................................................................................................. 16
voetzoolreflex – Babinnski .............................................................................................................................. 16



1

,6. primitieve reflexen ............................................................................................................................ 16

1. geëvokeerde potentialen................................................................................................................... 17

1.1. evaluatie EP ............................................................................................................................................ 17

2. types geëvokeerde potentialen.......................................................................................................... 18

2.1. VEP – SETUP ............................................................................................................................................ 18
visuele stimulus .............................................................................................................................................. 19
golfpatroon ..................................................................................................................................................... 19
processing visuele informatie ......................................................................................................................... 20
NPN pieken ..................................................................................................................................................... 21
VEP interpretatie ............................................................................................................................................ 21
pathologieën ................................................................................................................................................... 21

2.2. S(S)EP ...................................................................................................................................................... 22
meetelektroden .............................................................................................................................................. 22
neurale generatoren ....................................................................................................................................... 23
S(S)EP – interpretatie...................................................................................................................................... 24
S(S)EP – indicaties ........................................................................................................................................... 25

2.3. (B)AEP ..................................................................................................................................................... 25

1. CNS elektrochemie ............................................................................................................................ 27

2. elektro-encefalografie: EEG ............................................................................................................... 27

3. EEG................................................................................................................................................... 27

3.1. oorsprong EEG ........................................................................................................................................ 28
relevantie thalamus ........................................................................................................................................ 29

3.2. EEG setup ................................................................................................................................................ 30

3.3. EEG signalen ........................................................................................................................................... 31

3.4. EEG artefacten ........................................................................................................................................ 31

3.5. voordelen EEG vs andere CNS beeldvorming .......................................................................................... 32
magnetoencephalography (MEG) .................................................................................................................. 32
functional magnetisch resonance imaging (fMRI).......................................................................................... 33
Positron emission tomography (PET) ............................................................................................................. 33

3.6. EEG hersengolven ................................................................................................................................... 33

3.7. EEG analyse............................................................................................................................................. 34

4. hersengolven .................................................................................................................................... 35

4.1. gamma () golven ................................................................................................................................... 35

4.2. Beta () golven........................................................................................................................................ 35

4.3. Alfa () golven ........................................................................................................................................ 35

4.4. theta () golven ...................................................................................................................................... 36

4.5. delta () golven ....................................................................................................................................... 36



2

,5. EEG analyse ...................................................................................................................................... 37

6. epilepsie ........................................................................................................................................... 37

6.1. EEG epilepsie ........................................................................................................................................... 38

6.2. soorten epilepsie ..................................................................................................................................... 38
partiële epilepsie ............................................................................................................................................ 38
gegeneraliseerde epilepsie ............................................................................................................................. 38

7. slaap EEG .......................................................................................................................................... 39

7.1. slaap-waakcyclus .................................................................................................................................... 39

8. EEG – EMG in proefdieren.................................................................................................................. 39

1. inleiding............................................................................................................................................ 39

2. sensorisch systeem ........................................................................................................................... 40

2.1. sensorische receptoren ........................................................................................................................... 40

3. somatosensorisch systeem ................................................................................................................ 40

3.1. exteroceptie: 1e sensorisch neuron ......................................................................................................... 41
corpusculaire eindorganen ............................................................................................................................. 41
behaarde vs niet-behaarde huid .................................................................................................................... 42
mechanoreceptoren ....................................................................................................................................... 42
thermoreceptoren .......................................................................................................................................... 46
nocireceptoren ............................................................................................................................................... 47
overzicht receptoren ...................................................................................................................................... 48

3.2. Exteroceptie: 2e sensorisch neuron ......................................................................................................... 49
dorsale kolom – mediale leminiscus systeem ................................................................................................ 49
anterolateraal systeem ................................................................................................................................... 50

3.3. Exteroceptie: 3e sensorisch neuron ......................................................................................................... 50

4. pijn ................................................................................................................................................... 51

4.1. pijnperceptie ........................................................................................................................................... 51

4.2. acute vs chronische pijn .......................................................................................................................... 52
acute pijn ........................................................................................................................................................ 52
chronische pijn................................................................................................................................................ 53

4.3. pijnmatrix................................................................................................................................................ 53

4.4. pijnmodulatie .......................................................................................................................................... 55

1. anatomie motoriek ........................................................................................................................... 56

2. motorcortex...................................................................................................................................... 56

3. cerebellum........................................................................................................................................ 57

3.1. anatomie cerebellum .............................................................................................................................. 58




3

, 3.2. functionele anatomie cerebellum ........................................................................................................... 59
vestibulocerebellum ....................................................................................................................................... 59
spinocerebellum ............................................................................................................................................. 60
cerebrocerebellum ......................................................................................................................................... 60

3.3. cerebellaire laesies.................................................................................................................................. 61

3.4. samenvatting functies cerebellum.......................................................................................................... 61
cortex – cerebellum – cortex .......................................................................................................................... 62

4. basale ganglia ................................................................................................................................... 62

4.1. loop cortex – basale ganglia – cortex ..................................................................................................... 64

5. descenderende pathways .................................................................................................................. 64

6. motoriek........................................................................................................................................... 65

6.1. steunmotoriek......................................................................................................................................... 65

6.2. doelwitmotoriek...................................................................................................................................... 66
6.3. planning motoriek................................................................................................................................... 67

6.4. samenvatting anatomie motoriek .......................................................................................................... 67

7. spiegelneuronen ............................................................................................................................... 68

1. inleiding............................................................................................................................................ 69

1.1 viscerale reflexboog ................................................................................................................................ 69

1.2. autonom zenuwstelsel ................................................................................................................................. 70

2. hypothalamus ................................................................................................................................... 70

2.1. homeostase.................................................................................................................................................. 70

2.2. hypothalamus en limbisch systeem ............................................................................................................. 71

2.3. rol autonoom zenuwstelsel ..................................................................................................................... 71

3. perifeer autonoom zenuwstelsel........................................................................................................ 72

3.1. neurotransmitters in AZS ............................................................................................................................. 73
3.2. eindorganen autonoom Zenuwstelsel ......................................................................................................... 75
hypothalamus: fight or flight reactie .............................................................................................................. 75

4. bijniermerg ....................................................................................................................................... 76

4.1. HPA as: cortisol = stersshormoon ................................................................................................................ 76

4.2. hypothalamus: neuroendocrien systeem..................................................................................................... 77

5. effectorcellen: gladde spiercellen....................................................................................................... 77

5.1. single-unit spiertype .................................................................................................................................... 77

5.2. multi-unit spiertype ..................................................................................................................................... 78

5.3. antagoniserende orgaaneffecten ........................................................................................................... 79


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