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Volledige samenvatting van het vak conceptuele natuurkunde
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Volledige samenvatting van het vak conceptuele natuurkunde (slides en boek)
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CONCEPTUELE NATUURKUNDE METTECHNISCHE TOEPASSINGEN
Elise Hendriks
KU LEUVEN 2021-2022
,INHOUDSOPGAVE
2.1 snelheid ........................................................................................................................................................ 6
2.2 versnelling ................................................................................................................................................... 6
2.3 beweging met een constante versnelling ..................................................................................................... 7
2.4 vrij vallende voorwerpen ............................................................................................................................. 7
3.6 vectorkinematica .......................................................................................................................................... 8
3.7 de kogelbaan ............................................................................................................................................... 8
4.1 kracht............................................................................................................................................................ 9
4.2 de eerste bewegingswet van Newton.......................................................................................................... 9
4.3 massa ........................................................................................................................................................... 9
4.4 de tweede bewegingswet van newton ........................................................................................................ 9
4.5 de derde bewegingswet van Newton .......................................................................................................... 9
4.6 gewicht: zwaartekracht en de normaalkracht ................................................................................................. 10
5.1 toepassingen van de wetten van newton met wrijving............................................................................. 10
5.2 eenparige cikelvormige beweging ............................................................................................................. 10
5.2.1 kinematica ....................................................................................................................................................................... 10
5.2.2 dynamica ......................................................................................................................................................................... 11
5.3 niet-eenparige cikelvormige beweging ...................................................................................................... 11
6.1 de wet van de universele zwaartekracht van Newton .............................................................................. 12
6.2 vectorvorm van de wet van de universele zwaartekracht ......................................................................... 12
6.3 DE ZWAARTEKRACHT VLAK BIJ HET OPPERVLAK VAN DE AARDE ........................................................ 12
7.1 ARBEID DIE DOOR EEN CONSTANTE KRACHT VERRICHT WORDT (si-eenheid: J) ................................... 12
7.2 HET INWENDIG PRODUCT VAN TWEE VECTOREN .................................................................................... 13
7.3 ARBEID DIE DOOR EEN VARIABELE KRACHT VERRICHT WORDT ............................................................. 13
7.3.1 ARBEID DIE DOOR EEN VEER VERRICHT WORDT ................................................................................................. 13
7.4 PRINCIPE VAN ARBEID EN KINETISCHE ENERGIE ..................................................................................... 13
8.1 conservatieve en niet conservatieve krachten ........................................................................................... 13
8.2 Potentiële energie (si-eenheid: j) ................................................................................................................ 14
8.2.1 potentiële energie in het zwaarteveld ......................................................................................................................... 14
8.2.2 potentiële energie in het algemeen ............................................................................................................................. 14
, Potentiële energie als gevolg van elastische vervorming ................................................................................................... 14
potentiële energie als gevolg van andere krachten ............................................................................................................ 15
Potentiële energie in drie dimensies ....................................................................................................................................... 15
8.3 Mechanische energie en behoud daarvan ................................................................................................. 15
8.4 de wet van behoud van energie ................................................................................................................ 15
8.8 vermogen (si-eenheid: Watt) ...................................................................................................................... 15
9.1 impuls en relatie de relatie met kracht ....................................................................................................... 15
9.2 behoud van impuls .................................................................................................................................... 16
9.4 behoud van energie en impuls bij botsingen ....................................................................................... 16
9.5 elastisch botsingen in één dimensie .......................................................................................................... 16
9.6 niet-elastische botsingen ............................................................................................................................ 17
9.8 massamiddelpunt (mm) ............................................................................................................................. 17
9.9 massamiddelpunt en translatiebeweging .................................................................................................. 17
10.1 Grootheden bij rotatie – rotationele kinematica ....................................................................................... 17
10.2 vectoriële aard van rotatiegrootheden – rotationele kinematica.............................................................. 18
10.3 constante hoekversnelling – rotationele kinematica ................................................................................ 19
10.4 krachtmoment – rotationele dynamica..................................................................................................... 19
10.5 rotationele dynamica; krachtmoment en rotationele traagheid ............................................................... 20
10.7 traagheidsmomenten bepalen ................................................................................................................. 20
10.8 rotationele kinetische energie .................................................................................................................. 20
10.9 rotationele plus translationele beweging; rollen ..................................................................................... 20
11.1 impulsmoment van een puntmassa (Kg*m2/s ......................................................................................... 21
11.2 Wet van behoud van impulsmoment ....................................................................................................... 22
11.3 impulsmoment en krachtmoment van een star voorwerp ....................................................................... 22
11.4 impulsmoment en krachtmoment voor een systeem van puntmassa’s, algemene beweging................. 22
12.1 de voorwaarden voor evenwicht ............................................................................................................. 22
12.2 stabiliteit en balans .................................................................................................................................. 22
12.3 elasticiteit; materiaalspanning en vervorming ......................................................................................... 23
12.3.1 elasticiteit en de wet van hooke ................................................................................................................................ 23
12.3.3 spanning en vervorming bij uitrekking en indrukking ............................................................................................ 23
, 12.3.2 elasticiteitsmodulus ...................................................................................................................................................... 24
12.5 breuk ........................................................................................................................................................ 24
13.1 dichtsheid en soortelijk gewicht (SI-eenheid: kg/m3) ............................................................................... 24
13.3 druk in vloeistoffen .................................................................................................................................. 25
13.3.1 het verband tussen druk en kracht ............................................................................................................................ 25
13.3.1 druk in vloeistoffen (hydrostatica)............................................................................................................................ 25
13.4 atmosferische druk en manometerdruk .................................................................................................... 25
13.5 de wet van pascal .................................................................................................................................... 26
13.6 meten van druk; nanometer en barometer ............................................................................................... 26
13.7 opwaartse kracht en de wet van archimedes .......................................................................................... 27
13.8 vloeistoffen in beweging, debiet en de continuïteitsvergelijking ............................................................ 28
13.8 .1 soorten stroming..................................................................................................................................................... 28
13.8.2 continuïteitsvergelijking voor laminair stromend fluïdum ...................................................................................... 28
13.9 wet van Bernoulli ..................................................................................................................................... 28
13.10 toepassingen van de wet van Bernoulli................................................................................................. 29
14.1 trillingen van een veer ............................................................................................................................. 29
14.2 enkelvoudige harmonische beweging ..................................................................................................... 30
14.2.1 energie in de enkelvoudige harmonische oscillator ................................................................................................ 30
14.2.2 stelling van Fourier...................................................................................................................................................... 30
14.4 DE ENKELVOUDIGE SLINGER (belangrijk!!! niet in formularium) ............................................................. 31
14.5 Gedempte harmonische beweging .......................................................................................................... 31
14.8 gedwongen trillingen; resonantie ............................................................................................................ 32
15.1 eigenschappen van een golfbeweging .................................................................................................... 32
15.2 typen golven: transversale en longitudinale golven ............................................................................... 33
15.3 Energietransport door golven ................................................................................................................... 34
15.4 wiskundige voorstelling van een lopende golf (harmonisch) ................................................................. 34
15.6 het superpositiebeginsel .......................................................................................................................... 34
15.7 reflectie en transmissie............................................................................................................................. 35
15.8 Interferentie .............................................................................................................................................. 35
15.9 staande golven; resonantie ...................................................................................................................... 35
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