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Summary A level chemistry Fundamentals of Physical Chemistry: Thermodynamics, Quantum Mechanics, Spectroscopy, Kinetics, and Statistical Mechanics"$11.29
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Summary A level chemistry Fundamentals of Physical Chemistry: Thermodynamics, Quantum Mechanics, Spectroscopy, Kinetics, and Statistical Mechanics"
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Course
3.1 Physical chemistry
Institution
AQA
The document provides in-depth notes on the subject of physical chemistry, covering various fundamental concepts and topics. It delves into key areas such as thermodynamics, quantum mechanics, spectroscopy, kinetics, and statistical mechanics.
The section on thermodynamics introduces the laws of...
Physical chemistry A level
Title: Physical Chemistry - In-depth Notes
1. Introduction to Physical Chemistry:
Definition: Physical chemistry is a branch of chemistry that deals with the study
of the physical properties and behavior of matter, as well as the energy changes
that occur during chemical reactions.
Scope: Physical chemistry combines principles of physics and chemistry to
understand the fundamental principles governing chemical systems.
Definition: Thermodynamics is the study of energy and its transformations in
chemical systems.
Laws of Thermodynamics:
First Law: Conservation of energy; energy can neither be created nor
destroyed, only transferred or transformed.
Second Law: The entropy of an isolated system tends to increase over
time.
Third Law: As temperature approaches absolute zero, the entropy of a pure
crystalline substance approaches zero.
Concepts:
Enthalpy (H) and internal energy (U): Measure of energy in a system.
Entropy (S): Measure of disorder or randomness.
Gibbs Free Energy (G): A measure of the spontaneity of a process.
Hess's Law: Total enthalpy change of a reaction is independent of the path
taken.
Physical chemistry A level 1
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