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Samenvatting Biodiversiteit van dieren onderdeel Invertebrata

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  • Course
  • Biodiversiteit Van Dieren
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  • Universiteit Gent (UGent)

lesgever: Prof. Moens dit is een samenvatting van het vak dat werd gegeven in 1ste bachelor van de opleiding Biochemie en Biotechnologie (BCBT) alles is samengevat + figuren (behalve Hfd 1) Ik behaalde een 13 op 20 voor het onderdeel vertebraten en invertebraten.

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  • May 18, 2023
  • 91
  • 2022/2023
  • Summary

Subjects

  • mollusca
  • arthropoda
  • echinodermata
  • ongewervelde chordata
  • annelida
  • nematoda
  • plathelminthes
  • protozoa
  • annimalia

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  • Universiteit Gent (UGent)
  • Biochemie En Biotechnologie
  • Biodiversiteit Van Dieren
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BIODIVERSITEIT VAN
DIEREN: INVERTEBRATEN
[Ondertitel van document]


Abstract
[Trek de aandacht van uw lezer met een interessante samenvatting. Dit is meestal een kort
overzicht van het document.
Wanneer u uw inhoud wilt toevoegen, klikt u hier en begint u te typen.]




Jarne Winderickx
[E-mailadres]

,1. Inleidend hoofdstuk lees boek ..................................................................................................................... 7

1.2 taxonomie, fylogenie en de ‘tree of life’ ........................................................................................................ 7
1.2.1 Naamgeving van taxa + classificatie ....................................................................................................... 7

1.3 grote indelingen van het leven ...................................................................................................................... 7

2. Protista......................................................................................................................................................... 8

2.1 Definitie en ontstaan ..................................................................................................................................... 8

2.2 voeding, voorplanting en overlevingsstadia .................................................................................................. 9

2.3 overzicht, indeling en enkele groepen van de Protista ................................................................................ 11
2.3.1 Supergroep Excavata ............................................................................................................................ 11
2.3.1.1 Fylum Euglenozoa ......................................................................................................................... 11
2.3.1.1.1 classis Euglenida ..................................................................................................................... 12
2.3.1.1.2 classis Kinetoplastida.............................................................................................................. 12
2.3.1.1.2.1 Trypanosoma brucei / veroorzaakt slaapziekte .............................................................. 12
2.3.1.1.2.2 Trypanosoma cruzi / verwekker van ziekte van Chagas .................................................. 13
2.3.1.1.2.3 Leishmania / veroorzaker van leishmaniasis ................................................................... 13
2.3.2 Supergroep Alveolata ........................................................................................................................... 14
2.3.2.1 fylum Ciliata of Ciliophora ............................................................................................................. 14
2.3.2.2 fylum Dinoflagellata ...................................................................................................................... 15
2.3.2.3 fylum Apicomplexa (complex aan apex) ....................................................................................... 15
2.3.2.3.1 subfylum Sporozoa ................................................................................................................. 16
2.3.2.3.1.1 classis Aconoidasida (met famillie: Haemosporidae) ...................................................... 16
2.3.2.1.1.1 genus Plasmodium ...................................................................................................... 16
2.3.2.3.1.1 Classis Conoidasida ......................................................................................................... 18
2.3.2.3.1.1.1 Toxoplasma gondii ................................................................................................... 18
2.3.3 Supergroep Amoebozoa ....................................................................................................................... 19
2.3.3.1 Mycetozoa (enkel kunne situeren) ................................................................................................ 19
2.3.3.2 Gymnamoeba ................................................................................................................................ 19
2.3.3.3 Parasitaire amoeben ..................................................................................................................... 19
2.3.4 Supergroep Opisthokonta .................................................................................................................... 19

3. Animalia / metazoa (een inleiding) ............................................................................................................. 20

3.1 Embryonale ontwikkeling / embryogenese ................................................................................................. 20

3.2 coeloomvorming.......................................................................................................................................... 21
3.2.1 Acoelomate type .................................................................................................................................. 21
3.2.2 Pseudocoelomate type ........................................................................................................................ 21
3.2.3 Coelomate type .................................................................................................................................... 21
3.2.4 Enterocoelie vs schizocoelie (vorming van coeloom) .......................................................................... 21
3.2.5 Protostome vs deuterostome ontwikkeling ......................................................................................... 22

3.3 Symmetrie in dierlijke bouwplannen ........................................................................................................... 22

3.4 Enkele fylogenetische beschouwingen over de Animalia ............................................................................ 23
3.4.1 Bilateria ................................................................................................................................................ 23

4. Parazoa: Porifera en Placozoa .................................................................................................................... 24

4.1 Definitie en ontstaan ................................................................................................................................... 24


1

, 4.2 Fylum: Porifera / poriedragende parazoa / sponzen ................................................................................... 24
4.2.1 inleiding + kenmerken .......................................................................................................................... 24
4.2.2 Basisbouwplan: het ascontype ............................................................................................................. 25
4.2.3 Complexere bouwplannen: sycontype, leucontype en glassponzen ................................................... 26
4.2.3.1 Afwijkende bouwplannen : glassponzen ....................................................................................... 27
4.2.4 Celtypes en skeletelementen ............................................................................................................... 27
4.2.4.1 Dekcellen ....................................................................................................................................... 27
4.2.4.2 cellen die skeletelementen en matrix van mesohyle vormen ...................................................... 27
4.2.4.3 overige celtypes ............................................................................................................................ 27
4.2.4.4 regeneratie van cellen ................................................................................................................... 28
4.2.4.5 Collageen ....................................................................................................................................... 28
4.2.5 Voeding, excretie, gasuitwisseling en zintuigwaarneming ................................................................... 28
4.2.6 Voortplanting, ontwikkeling en overlevingsstadia ............................................................................... 28
4.2.8 Ecologie en voorkomen ........................................................................................................................ 28

4.3 fylum: Placozoa / plakdiertjes ..................................................................................................................... 28

5. Cnidaria en Ctenophora .............................................................................................................................. 29

5.1 Inleiding en algemene kenmerken .............................................................................................................. 29

5.2 fylum Cnidaria ............................................................................................................................................. 29
5.2.1 structuur............................................................................................................................................... 29
5.2.2 Systematiek en fylogenie ..................................................................................................................... 31
5.2.3 Classis Hydrozoa ................................................................................................................................... 31
5.2.3.1 Hydropoliepen ............................................................................................................................... 31
5.2.3.2 Hydromedusen .............................................................................................................................. 31
5.2.3.3 Drijvende poliepenkolonies: Siphonophora en Chondrophora..................................................... 32
5.2.3.4 Voortplanting ................................................................................................................................ 32
5.2.4 Classis Scyphozoa / schijfkwallen ......................................................................................................... 32
5.2.4.1 Scyphopoliepen ............................................................................................................................. 32
5.2.4.2 Scyphomedusen ............................................................................................................................ 32
5.2.4.2.1 Voortplanting ......................................................................................................................... 33
5.2.4.3 Scyphozoa van bij ons (kunnen herkennen en benoemen) .......................................................... 34
5.2.5 classis Cubozoa / Kubuskwallen ........................................................................................................... 34
5.2.6 classis Staurozoa .................................................................................................................................. 34
5.2.7 Classis Anthozoa / Bloemdieren (zeeanemonen en koralen) .............................................................. 35
5.2.7.1 orde Actiniardia / zeeanemonen................................................................................................... 35
5.2.7.2 orde Scleractinia / echte koralen .................................................................................................. 35

5.3 fylum Ctenophora / kamkwallen / Radiata ................................................................................................. 36

6. Xenacoelomorpha en Platyhelminthes ....................................................................................................... 37

6.1 Xenacoelomorpha: de vroegste Bilateria .................................................................................................... 37

6.2 fylum Platyhelminthes / platwormen .......................................................................................................... 37
6.2.1 bouwplan en belangrijkste stelsels ...................................................................................................... 38
6.2.1.1 spijsverteringsstelsel ..................................................................................................................... 38
6.2.1.2 zenuwstelsel .................................................................................................................................. 38
6.2.1.3 voortplantingsstelsel ..................................................................................................................... 38
6.2.1.4 excretiestelsel ............................................................................................................................... 39
6.2.1.5 huidspierzak .................................................................................................................................. 40

2

, 6.2.2 systematische indeling en verwantschappen ...................................................................................... 40
6.2.3 Turbellaria / trilhaarwormen ............................................................................................................... 40
6.2.4 Monogenea .......................................................................................................................................... 41
6.2.5 Trematoda / zuigwormen .................................................................................................................... 41
6.2.5.1 Digenea ......................................................................................................................................... 41
6.2.5.2 digenea voorbeelden .................................................................................................................... 42
6.2.6 Cestoda / lintwormen .......................................................................................................................... 44
6.2.6.1 subclassis Eucestoda ..................................................................................................................... 44
6.2.6.2 Eucestoda voorbeelden ................................................................................................................. 46

7. fylum Mollusca / weekdieren / schelpdieren ............................................................................................. 47

7.1 Inleiding en fylogenetische plaats ............................................................................................................... 47

7.2 Aplacophora / wormmollusken ................................................................................................................... 48

7.3 Eumollusca .................................................................................................................................................. 48
7.3.1 klasse Polyplacophora / keverslakken .................................................................................................. 48
7.3.2 klasse Monoplacophora / mutsslakken ................................................................................................ 48
7.3.3 klasse Scaphopoda / tandschelpen ...................................................................................................... 49
7.3.4 klasse Bivalvia / tweekleppigen............................................................................................................ 49
7.3.4.1 Oorsprong en evolutie .................................................................................................................. 50
7.3.4.2 Schelp en mantel ........................................................................................................................... 50
7.3.4.3 voet en geassocieerde structuren ................................................................................................. 51
7.3.4.4 voeding en spijsvertering .............................................................................................................. 51
7.3.4.5 zenuwstelsel en zintuigen ............................................................................................................. 51
7.3.4.6 voortplanting en ontwikkeling ...................................................................................................... 51
7.3.5 klasse Gastropoda / slakken ................................................................................................................. 52
7.3.5.1 Oorsprong en evolutie .................................................................................................................. 52
7.3.5.4 voeding .......................................................................................................................................... 53
7.3.5.5 zenuwstelsel en zintuigen ............................................................................................................. 53
7.3.5.7 Ontogenie / ontwikkeling .............................................................................................................. 53
7.3.5.8 systematiek ................................................................................................................................... 53
7.3.5.8.1 subklasse Prosobranchia (niet te verwarren met protobranchia) ......................................... 53
7.3.5.8.2 subklasse Opisthobranchia (ontstaan uit prosobranchia) ...................................................... 53
7.3.5.8.3 subklasse Pulmonata / longslakken (ontstaan uit prosobranchia) ........................................ 54
7.3.6 klasse Cephalopoda / koppotigen (met oa. inktvissen) ....................................................................... 54
7.3.6.1 oorsprong en evolutie ................................................................................................................... 54
7.3.6.2 schelp ............................................................................................................................................ 55
7.3.6.3 voet en voortbeweging ................................................................................................................. 55
7.3.6.4 voedingswijze ................................................................................................................................ 55
7.3.6.5 bloedcirculatie en ademhaling ...................................................................................................... 55
7.3.6.6 zenuwstelsel en zintuigen ............................................................................................................. 56
7.3.6.7 kleurpatroon, inktklier en luminescentie ...................................................................................... 56
7.3.6.8 voortplanting en ontwikkeling ...................................................................................................... 56

8. Fylum Annelida .......................................................................................................................................... 57

8.1 Inleiding en fylogenetische plaats ............................................................................................................... 57

8.2 fylum Annelida / ringwormen ..................................................................................................................... 57
8.2.1 Systematiek .......................................................................................................................................... 57
8.2.2 Bouwplan ............................................................................................................................................. 57

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