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Samenvatting persoonlijkheidspsychologie
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Dit is een volledige samenvatting van het opleidingsonderdeel persoonlijkheidspsychologie. De inhoud bevat de powerpoints, cursus en de lessen.
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INHOUDSOPGAVEH1: ZELFBEELD EN ZELFWAARDERING ............................................................................................................. 5
INLEIDING ............................................................................................................................................................... 5
BEGRIPSBEPALING ..................................................................................................................................................... 5
EEN THEORETISCH KADER: HET PERSOONSMODEL VAN VERHOFSTADT-DENÈVE (1994) ........................................................... 6
persoon als dynamische ik-mij relatie ............................................................................................................. 6
dimensies van het zelfbeeld: 6 fenomenologische zelfconstructies ................................................................. 6
persoonskenmerken en condities .................................................................................................................... 6
extern en intern zelfbeeld ................................................................................................................................ 6
bewustzijnsniveaus .......................................................................................................................................... 7
fenomenologische zelfconstructie en realiteit ................................................................................................. 7
INFORMATIEBRONNEN BIJ DE OPBOUW VAN HET ZELFBEELD .............................................................................................. 7
introspectie ...................................................................................................................................................... 7
percepties van ons eigen gedrag ..................................................................................................................... 8
jezelf vergelijken met anderen ........................................................................................................................ 8
het autobiografisch geheugen......................................................................................................................... 9
culturele perspectieven.................................................................................................................................... 9
DE ONTWIKKELING VAN HET ZELFBEELD EN ZELFWAARDERING ............................................................................................ 9
de ontwikkeling van taal ................................................................................................................................. 9
kinderen in de leeftijd van 3 tot 4 jaar ............................................................................................................. 9
kinderen in de leeftijd van 5 tot 7 jaar........................................................................................................... 10
kinderen in de leeftijd van 8 tot 11 jaar......................................................................................................... 10
de adolescentie .............................................................................................................................................. 10
ontwikkeling van de reflectie op de ander (shelman) .................................................................................... 11
ZELFWAARDERING VERDER UITGEDIEPT ....................................................................................................................... 11
verschillende visies op zelfwaardering .......................................................................................................... 11
globale VS domeinspecifieke zelfwaardering ................................................................................................ 12
zelfwaarderingsmodel harter ........................................................................................................................ 12
Meetinstrumenten......................................................................................................................................... 13
samenhang zelfbeeld en… ............................................................................................................................. 14
zelfbeeldversterkende technieken ................................................................................................................. 14
de behoefte aan zelfswaardering .................................................................................................................. 14
mechanismen van zelfverheerlijking ............................................................................................................. 14
ZELFPRESENTATIE .................................................................................................................................................... 16
strategische zelfpresentatie .......................................................................................................................... 16
zelfverificatie ................................................................................................................................................. 16
H2: PERSOONLIJKHEID .................................................................................................................................. 16
INLEIDING ............................................................................................................................................................. 16
EEN DEFINIËRING VAN HET BEGRIP “PERSOONLIJKHEID” .................................................................................................. 17
vele definities ................................................................................................................................................. 17
onderscheid tussen persoonlijkheid, temperament en karakter ................................................................... 17
GESCHIEDENIS VAN DE PERSOONLIJKHEIDSPSYCHOLOGIE ................................................................................................. 17
wanneer is de eerste persoonlijkheidspsychologie ontstaan? ....................................................................... 17
waardoor is de persoonlijkheidspsychologie beïnvloed? ............................................................................... 18
vraagstukken ................................................................................................................................................. 18
IDEOGRAFISCHE EN NOMOTHETISCHE BENADERINGEN (ALLPORT) ..................................................................................... 19
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, ideografische benaderingen .......................................................................................................................... 19
nomothetische benaderingen ........................................................................................................................ 19
METEN VAN PERSOONLIJKHEIDSKENMERKEN (P37-42)................................................................................................... 19
psychometrische methoden........................................................................................................................... 19
de factoranalytische methode (spearman) ................................................................................................... 19
factoranalytische studies vd persoonlijkheid ................................................................................................. 20
de karaktertrektheorieën .............................................................................................................................. 20
persoonlijkheidseigenschappen of situaties? ................................................................................................ 20
DE “BIG FIVE” (GROTE VIJF) ...................................................................................................................................... 20
geschiedenis van de vijf dimensionele begrippen .......................................................................................... 21
de basis van het vijf-factoren model: “de lexicale hypothese” ...................................................................... 22
de relevantie van deze theorie ...................................................................................................................... 22
MEETINSTRUMENTEN VAN PERSOONLIJKHEID ............................................................................................................... 22
de NEO-PI-R ................................................................................................................................................... 22
de hiërarchische persoonlijkheidsvragenlijst voor kinderen = Hi-PIC............................................................. 22
PERSOONLIJKHEID VAN KINDEREN............................................................................................................................... 22
ARTIKEL: CHAMILO .................................................................................................................................................. 22
H3: EMOTIES EN EMOTIONELE INTELLIGENTIE............................................................................................... 23
DEFINIËRING EN OMKADERING VAN HET BEGRIP EMOTIE ................................................................................................. 23
emoties: de reacties van een heel systeem ................................................................................................... 24
een mogelijke definitie .................................................................................................................................. 24
eigenschappen van een emotionele ervaring ................................................................................................ 24
onderscheid gevoel, emotie en stemming ..................................................................................................... 25
waar dienen emoties voor? ........................................................................................................................... 26
primaire en secundaire emoties .................................................................................................................... 26
DE ZES BASISEMOTIES .............................................................................................................................................. 27
EMOTIES CULTUURGEBONDEN OF AANGEBOREN? .......................................................................................................... 27
KAN MEN LEUGENAARS ONTMASKEREN? ..................................................................................................................... 27
HULPVERLENER EN WERKEN MET EMOTIES ................................................................................................................... 27
THEORIEËN OVER HET ONTSTAAN VAN EMOTIES ............................................................................................................ 28
James-lange theorie ...................................................................................................................................... 28
Cannon-Bard theorie ..................................................................................................................................... 29
Schachter en Singer: 2-factorentheorie ......................................................................................................... 30
Theorie van LeDoux ....................................................................................................................................... 31
de componentiële emotietheorie................................................................................................................... 31
EMOTIONELE INTELLIGENTIE ...................................................................................................................................... 31
(1) kennis van eigen emoties ......................................................................................................................... 31
(2) het reguleren van emoties ....................................................................................................................... 32
(3) zelfmotivatie ............................................................................................................................................ 32
(4) het onderkennen van andermans emotie ................................................................................................ 32
(5) het omgaan met relaties .......................................................................................................................... 32
H4: STRESS, BURN-OUT EN COPING .............................................................................................................. 33
STRESS: EEN BREED BEGRIP ....................................................................................................................................... 33
GEZONDE EN ONGEZONDE STRESS .............................................................................................................................. 33
kenmerken gezonde stress ............................................................................................................................ 33
kenmerken ongezonde stress ........................................................................................................................ 33
BRONNEN VAN STRESS ............................................................................................................................................. 34
alledaagse problemen ................................................................................................................................... 34
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, levensgebeurtenissen .................................................................................................................................... 34
traumatische ervaringen ............................................................................................................................... 34
chronische stess: de duur van stressvolle gebeurtenissen ............................................................................. 34
MODEL VOOR ONGEZONDE STRESS ............................................................................................................................. 34
de rol van doelen in het ontstaan van ongezonde stress............................................................................... 35
de rol van persoonlijkheid in het ontstaan van ongezonde stress ................................................................. 35
BEOORDELINGSPROCESSEN ....................................................................................................................................... 36
attributionele en verklarende stijlen ............................................................................................................. 36
perceptie van controle ................................................................................................................................... 36
optimisme ...................................................................................................................................................... 37
positieve emoties ........................................................................................................................................... 37
LANGDURIG ONGEZONDE STRESS OP HET WERK: BURN-OUT ............................................................................................. 37
een verhaal over stress en overspanning ...................................................................................................... 37
stress eigen aan de hulpverlening ................................................................................................................. 37
burn-out als eindfase van een langdurig proces............................................................................................ 37
wat is burn-out? ............................................................................................................................................ 37
nieuwe definitie ............................................................................................................................................. 38
verklaringsmodellen van burn-out ................................................................................................................ 38
beïnvloedende factoren ................................................................................................................................. 39
onderscheid stress en burn-out?.................................................................................................................... 40
GEVOLGEN (CONSEQUENTIES) VAN STRESS EN BURN-OUT VOOR JEZELF EN OMGEVING .......................................................... 40
gevolgen voor jezelf ....................................................................................................................................... 40
gevolgen voor je omgeving............................................................................................................................ 41
gevolgen voor je werk ................................................................................................................................... 41
COPING: OMGAAN MET STRESS .................................................................................................................................. 41
STRESS EN BURN-OUT: WAT KAN JE ER ZELF AAN DOEN? ................................................................................................. 41
zicht krijgen op de eigen hulpverleningsstijl .................................................................................................. 41
anders leren denken ...................................................................................................................................... 41
zorgen voor jezelf .......................................................................................................................................... 42
H5: FAALANGST ............................................................................................................................................ 43
ANGST .................................................................................................................................................................. 43
angst als levenstrek ....................................................................................................................................... 43
angst als toestand ......................................................................................................................................... 43
FAALANGST ........................................................................................................................................................... 44
begripsomschrijving....................................................................................................................................... 44
een definitie ................................................................................................................................................... 44
prevalentie van faalangst .............................................................................................................................. 44
soorten faalangst .......................................................................................................................................... 44
types faalangstigen ....................................................................................................................................... 45
factoren die een invloed hebben op faalangst .............................................................................................. 45
HERKENNEN VAN FAALANGST (KENMERKEN) ................................................................................................................ 46
het zelfbeeld en beeld van de ander .............................................................................................................. 46
lichamelijke kenmerken ................................................................................................................................. 48
cognitieve kenmerken ................................................................................................................................... 48
gedragsmatige kenmerken ............................................................................................................................ 48
verschillende gedragspatronen ..................................................................................................................... 49
CONCEPTUELE BENADERING: BESCHRIJVEND PROCESMODEL VAN MOTIVATIE EN FAALANGST (DEPREEUW, 1992) ....................... 49
component 1: inschatten van de situatie ...................................................................................................... 50
component 2: inschatten van eigen copingmogelijkheden ........................................................................... 50
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, component 3: doelstellingen ......................................................................................................................... 51
component 4: voorbereiding ......................................................................................................................... 51
component 5: uitvoering ............................................................................................................................... 52
component 6: resultaatsevaluatie ................................................................................................................. 52
component 7: oorzakelijke attributie ............................................................................................................ 52
component 8: permanent leerproces ............................................................................................................ 53
METEN VAN FAALANGST: ENKELE MEETINSTRUMENTEN .................................................................................................. 53
training of therapie ....................................................................................................................................... 53
examen toets attitude vragenlijst (etav) ....................................................................................................... 53
de vragenlijst aangaande studie- en examenvaardigheden (vasev) ............................................................. 53
HOE OMGAAN MET FAALANGST? ............................................................................................................................... 54
psycho-educatie............................................................................................................................................. 54
omgaan met lichamelijke spanning............................................................................................................... 55
anders leren denken ...................................................................................................................................... 55
faalangsttraining in groep ............................................................................................................................. 56
ouders en faalangst ....................................................................................................................................... 56
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