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de samenleving is een veld van tegengestelde krachten
sociologie als bijzondere wetenschap
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Universiteit Antwerpen (UA)
Bachelor In De Rechten
Sociologie & Rechtssociologie
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SOCIOLOGIE
Charlotte Zegers
,Inhoudsopgave
Hoofdstuk 1: op ontdekkingstocht door bekend gebied................................................................................................................ 4
Afdeling 0: inleiding..............................................................................................................................................................................4
Afdeling 1: een beeld van de titel.........................................................................................................................................................4
Afdeling 2: het dagelijkse leven door de sociologische lens.................................................................................................................4
§1 selectieve waarneming................................................................................................................................................................5
§2 referentiekaders..........................................................................................................................................................................5
§3 over sport....................................................................................................................................................................................5
Afdeling 3: een stap verder...................................................................................................................................................................5
§1 sociale fenomenen – illustraties..................................................................................................................................................6
1.1.Echtscheidingen.....................................................................................................................................................................6
1.2.Zelfdoding..............................................................................................................................................................................6
1.3.Arbeid....................................................................................................................................................................................6
Afdeling 4 een eerste definitie van sociologie......................................................................................................................................7
Hoofdstuk 2: de sl is een veld van tegengestelde krachten............................................................................................................ 7
Afdeling 0: inleiding – tegengestelde krachten komen aan de oppervlakte........................................................................................7
§1 Vier voorbeelden van tegengestelde krachten...........................................................................................................................8
Afdeling 1: individu en sl.: een tweestrijd?...........................................................................................................................................8
§1 beperkt de samenleving de vrijheid van het individu? (vrijheid Vs. dwang).....................................................................8
§2 Actor Vs. factor..................................................................................................................................................................8
§3 Nature Vs. nurture.............................................................................................................................................................8
Afdeling 2: de sl.: een vat vol mogelijkheden en beperkingen..............................................................................................................9
Afdeling 3: solidariteit Vs. Strijd............................................................................................................................................................9
§1 solidariteit en cohesie.................................................................................................................................................................9
§2 strijd en conflict.........................................................................................................................................................................10
Afdeling 4: ongelijkheid Vs. Gelijkheid................................................................................................................................................11
§1 historisch gezien........................................................................................................................................................................11
§2 besluit........................................................................................................................................................................................11
2.1.GOED....................................................................................................................................................................................11
2.2.MAAR In onze neoliberale samenleving dreigt de ongelijkheid te groot te worden.Als we niets doen krijgen we terug
een stratificatie zoals in 1910....................................................................................................................................................12
2.3.Piketty’s voorstel als oplossing............................................................................................................................................12
2.4.kritiek...................................................................................................................................................................................12
Hoofdstuk 3: sociologie als bijzondere wetenschap.................................................................................................................... 13
Afdeling 1: sociologie is een wetenschap...........................................................................................................................................13
Afdeling 2: de sociologie een wetenschap als (g)een ander?.............................................................................................................13
§1 onttovering................................................................................................................................................................................13
1.1.Weber (1917): de wereld is onttoverd................................................................................................................................13
1.2.onttovering..........................................................................................................................................................................13
§2 plaats van scoiologie in het proces van onttovering.................................................................................................................13
§3 waarom is sociologie zo recent.................................................................................................................................................13
§4 Er is meer wetenschap onder de zon dan enkel natuurwetenschap........................................................................................13
§5 Laat de samenleving experimenten toe?..................................................................................................................................14
Afdeling 3: sociale feiten zijn dingen..................................................................................................................................................14
§1 wat zijn sociale feiten?.........................................................................................................................................................14
1.1.Casestudie civilisatieproces – Elias......................................................................................................................................16
1.1.1.Wat is dan de toegevoegde waarde van het recht?....................................................................................................16
1
Charlotte Zegers
, 1.1.2.Analogie v/d surfer......................................................................................................................................................16
Afdeling 4: sociologie is niet normatief..............................................................................................................................................17
Afdeling 5: sociologie ontdekt en verruimt.........................................................................................................................................17
Afdeling 6: sociologie: een van de huizen op het plein vd samenleving.............................................................................................17
Hoofdstuk 4: blokken uit de sociologische blokkendoos.............................................................................................................. 17
Afdeling 1: sociaal handelen...............................................................................................................................................................17
Afdeling 2: interactie en communicatie..............................................................................................................................................18
§1 interactie...................................................................................................................................................................................18
§2 communicatie: verbaal en niet-verbaal....................................................................................................................................18
2.1.Non-verbale. Communicatie...............................................................................................................................................19
2.2.Impact v sociale media op communicatie...........................................................................................................................19
afdeling 3: sociale relaties en psities, sociale rol en status................................................................................................................20
§1 sociale relaties...........................................................................................................................................................................20
1.1.Onderscheid tussen primaire en secundaire sociale relaties..............................................................................................20
§2 Sociale positie............................................................................................................................................................................21
§3 Sociale status.............................................................................................................................................................................21
3.1.De status (in)congruentiethese...........................................................................................................................................21
§4 Sociale rol..................................................................................................................................................................................21
4.1.Rollenconflict.......................................................................................................................................................................22
4.2. stabiliteit van rollenstellen door sociale mechanismen – Merton.....................................................................................22
§5 rolattributen en statussymbolen...............................................................................................................................................22
Hoofdstuk 5: een netwerk is geen groep..................................................................................................................................... 23
Afdeling 1: inleiding............................................................................................................................................................................23
Afdeling 2: sociale netwerken.............................................................................................................................................................23
§1 kenmerken.................................................................................................................................................................................24
1.1.Morfologische kenmerken..................................................................................................................................................24
1.2.Interactionele kenmerken...................................................................................................................................................24
§2 samenstellingen van netwerken...............................................................................................................................................24
Afdeling 3: groepen.............................................................................................................................................................................24
§1 typologie van groepen...............................................................................................................................................................25
1.1.Primaire groepen.................................................................................................................................................................25
1.1.1.Essentie........................................................................................................................................................................26
1.2.samenzijn.............................................................................................................................................................................26
1.2.1.Essentie........................................................................................................................................................................26
1.3.sociale categorie..................................................................................................................................................................26
1.3.1.Essentie........................................................................................................................................................................26
1.4.Collectiviteit.........................................................................................................................................................................26
1.4.1.Essentie........................................................................................................................................................................26
1.4.2 is de natiestaat een collectiviteit?...............................................................................................................................27
1.5.middenveld..........................................................................................................................................................................27
1.5.1.Essentie........................................................................................................................................................................27
1.5.1.Soc. bewegingen en massa & menigte........................................................................................................................27
1.6. Gedeelde W/N – interactie/communicatie........................................................................................................................27
Afdeling 4: referentiegroepen.............................................................................................................................................................28
Afdeling 5: groepen tss conflict en solidariteit...................................................................................................................................28
Hoofdstuk 7: moderne samenlevingen zijn altijd multicultureel.................................................................................................. 28
Afdeling 1: inleiding............................................................................................................................................................................28
Afdeling 2: door de ogen van anderen................................................................................................................................................29
2
Charlotte Zegers
, Afdeling 3: waarvoor staat cultuur?...................................................................................................................................................29
Afdeling 4: cultuur met grote en kleine ‘C’.........................................................................................................................................29
Afdeling 5: cultuur: patroon van waarden, normen, doeleinden, verwachtingen.............................................................................30
§1 waarden.....................................................................................................................................................................................31
1.1.Parsons’ patroonvariabelen................................................................................................................................................31
1.2. Niet alle sociologen zijn het eens met hierboven vernoemd paradigmatisch uitgangspunt.............................................31
1.3. maatschappelijke subsystemen of functionele velden......................................................................................................32
§2 normen......................................................................................................................................................................................32
§3 doeleinden.................................................................................................................................................................................33
§4 verwachtingen...........................................................................................................................................................................33
Afdeling 6: de ene cultuur is de andere niet.......................................................................................................................................34
§1 verschillen tss ‘hoge’ en ‘lage’ cultuur......................................................................................................................................34
§2 dominante en gedomineerde culturen, tegenculturen en subculturen...................................................................................34
§3 verschillen in de tijd...................................................................................................................................................................35
§4 verschillen in de (sociale)ruimte...............................................................................................................................................36
Afdeling 7: cultuur en beschaving.......................................................................................................................................................37
Afdeling 8: instituties en institutionalisering......................................................................................................................................37
Afdeling 9: het gezin: een primaire groep én een institutie................................................................................................................38
afdeling 10: desinstitutionalisering vd levensloop?............................................................................................................................38
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