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Intro to nervous system- Lecture notes
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Nervous system lecture notes
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Intro to the nervous systemFunctions of the nervous system:
Sensory- info carried by affectors (internal stimuli e.g.BP, External stimuli e.g.
raindrop on your face)
Integrative- Processing sensory info to make decisions on responding to
it(auto/unconsciously and/or consciously)
Motor- Once sensory info is processed/integrated the nervous system will provide a
motor response - via effectors
Neurons
The building block of the nervous system
Longest-lived cells in your body
Neurons are irreplaceable
Neurons have a very high metabolic rate
Sensory neurons- afferent neurons
Transmit impulses from sensory receptors toward the CNS (most are unipolar)
Motor neurons- afferent neurons
Impulses move from the CNS to the rest of the body (most are multipolar)
Interneurons- association neurons
Live in the CNS
Impulses move between sensory and motor neurons
Most abundant and mostly multipolar
Nerve conduction
Electrical excitability
Respond to stilumus in their environment and convert it into an electrical impulse =
graded potential or action potential
The action potential is an electrical signal that propagates along the surface of the
membrane of the neuron due to the movement of ions (e.g. sodium and potassium
ions) between the outside and inside of a neuron
A neurons membrane has a membrane potential- as a result of the concentration gradient of
ions across the membrane
The membrane has ions channels that open and close in response to different stimuli
When ion channels open the ions move down their electrochemical gradient- creating a
chemical gradient and electrical difference
The resting membrane potential is (-70mV)
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