hoofdstuk 1 inleiding .............................................................................................................................................. 5
1 over vroeger en nu … ....................................................................................................................................... 5
2 De huizen van het kind ..................................................................................................................................... 5
3 Theorie en praktijk ........................................................................................................................................... 5
4 ‘It takes a village to raise a child’ ..................................................................................................................... 5
hoofdstuk 2 legitimering van Opvoedingsondersteuning ....................................................................................... 6
1 historische context ........................................................................................................................................... 6
1.1 Vroeger.......................................................................................................................................................... 6
1.2 En nu?............................................................................................................................................................ 6
2 aandacht voor opvoedingsonzekerheid ........................................................................................................... 7
2.1 tendensen ..................................................................................................................................................... 7
2.2 opvoedingsonzekerheid, een probleem? ...................................................................................................... 7
3 het spanningsveld tussen OO en preventie ..................................................................................................... 7
3.1 twee soorten argumenten voor legitimering OO .......................................................................................... 7
hoofdstuk 3 wat is Opvoedingsondersteuning? ..................................................................................................... 8
1 definitie ............................................................................................................................................................ 8
1.1 Definitie van Vandemeulebroecke (lange) ................................................................................................... 8
1.2 Definitie van het Vlaams decreet - 2007 (korte) ........................................................................................... 8
2 aanverwante begrippen ................................................................................................................................... 8
3 uitgangspunten van OO ................................................................................................................................... 9
4 opvoeden en de implicaties voor OO ............................................................................................................... 9
5 een visie op opvoeding .................................................................................................................................... 9
6 het werkterrein (focus en actoren) ................................................................................................................ 10
7 het uiteindelijk doel ....................................................................................................................................... 11
8 de wijze waarop het doel kan bereikt worden ............................................................................................... 11
8.1 het continuum functies ............................................................................................................................... 11
8.2 activiteit en werkvormen ............................................................................................................................ 13
8.3 werkprincipes .............................................................................................................................................. 13
hoofdstuk 4 behoefte aan Opvoedingsondersteuning ......................................................................................... 15
1 behoefte aan oo ............................................................................................................................................. 15
1.1 opvoedingsvragen ....................................................................................................................................... 15
1.2 nood aan steun ........................................................................................................................................... 15
1.3 onvervulde steunbehoefte .......................................................................................................................... 15
2 welke vormen van OO wensen ouders? ........................................................................................................ 16
2.1 Persoonlijk contact ...................................................................................................................................... 16
2.2 Schriftelijk voorlichtingsmateriaal............................................................................................................... 16
1
, 2.3 TV en internet ............................................................................................................................................. 16
3 zijn er verschillen tussen ouders wat betreft behoeften aan OO? ................................................................ 16
3.1 Leeftijd van de kinderen .............................................................................................................................. 16
3.2 Geslacht van het kind .................................................................................................................................. 16
3.3 Geslacht van de ouder ................................................................................................................................ 16
3.4 Socio-economische status van een ouder ................................................................................................... 16
3.5 Alleenstaande ouders ................................................................................................................................. 17
3.6 Allochtone ouders ....................................................................................................................................... 17
3.7 Vaders ......................................................................................................................................................... 17
3.8 Andere specifieke groepen van ouders (bv. pleegouders, ouders van meerlingen, ouders van kind in
hulpverlening, …) .............................................................................................................................................. 17
4 besluit ............................................................................................................................................................. 17
hoofdstuk 5 Vaders en de opvoeding en ontwikkeling van kinderen ................................................................... 17
1 vaders trekken onze aandacht ....................................................................................................................... 17
2 zorg voor jonge kinderen ............................................................................................................................... 18
2.1 kunnen vaders voor jonge kinderen zorgen? .............................................................................................. 18
2.2 zijn vaders en moeders onderling inwisselbaar? ........................................................................................ 19
2.3 effect van de vader op de ontwikkeling van het kind ................................................................................. 19
3 vaders en adolescenten ................................................................................................................................. 19
4 vader-dochter en vader-zoon relatie ............................................................................................................. 20
5 toekomstig onderzoek ................................................................................................................................... 20
6 ondersteuningsbehoeften van vaders ........................................................................................................... 20
7 vaders en OO .................................................................................................................................................. 20
hoofdstuk 6 beleid: huizen van het kind ............................................................................................................... 21
1 decreet preventieve gezinsondersteuning (2014) ......................................................................................... 21
2 wat? ................................................................................................................................................................ 21
3 huizen van het kind: 3 functies ...................................................................................................................... 21
4 doelstellingen ................................................................................................................................................. 22
5 kenmerken ..................................................................................................................................................... 22
6 samenwerking geeft meerwaarde ................................................................................................................. 22
7 lokale noden-lokale kansen ............................................................................................................................ 22
8 toegankelijk voor alle gezinnen ...................................................................................................................... 22
9 zichtbare samenwerking ................................................................................................................................ 22
10 geïntegreerde dienstverlening ..................................................................................................................... 22
11 oede praktijk in strijd tegen kinderarmoede ........................................................................................... 22
12 vraaggericht ................................................................................................................................................. 23
13 organisaties .................................................................................................................................................. 23
14 inspiratie: Family Centers ............................................................................................................................. 23
2
,hoofdstuk 7 theoretische modellen ...................................................................................................................... 23
1 Balansmodel van Bakker ................................................................................................................................ 23
2 procesmodel van Belsky ................................................................................................................................. 24
3 het ecologisch model van Bronfenbrenner .................................................................................................... 25
4 sociaal competentiemodel van slot en spanjaard .......................................................................................... 25
5 het sociaal interactiemodel van patterson .................................................................................................... 26
5.1 het ontstaan van gedragsproblemen .......................................................................................................... 26
5.2 de ontwikkelingsfasen ................................................................................................................................. 27
5.3 beïnvloedende factoren .............................................................................................................................. 28
5.4 ouderlijk opvoedkundig gedrag .................................................................................................................. 28
hoofdstuk 8 triple P ............................................................................................................................................... 29
1 inleiding .......................................................................................................................................................... 29
2 wat is triple p? ................................................................................................................................................ 29
3 Opgroeien gaat niet vanzelf ........................................................................................................................... 29
4 Doel ................................................................................................................................................................ 29
5 Doelgroep ....................................................................................................................................................... 29
6 Opklimmende interventieniveau’s (getrapt systeem) ................................................................................... 30
6.1 niveau 1 universeel ..................................................................................................................................... 30
6.2 niveau 2 selectief ........................................................................................................................................ 31
6.3 niveau 3 eerstelijns ..................................................................................................................................... 31
6.4 niveau 4 standaard ...................................................................................................................................... 31
6.5 niveau 5 versterkt ....................................................................................................................................... 32
7 Kosteneffectiviteit ......................................................................................................................................... 33
8 doorlopend aanbod........................................................................................................................................ 33
9 Principes van positief opvoeden .................................................................................................................... 33
10 Opvoedingsstrategieën ................................................................................................................................ 34
11 theoretische achtergrond ............................................................................................................................ 34
12 Zelfregulatie ................................................................................................................................................. 34
13 Wetenschappelijk onderzoek ...................................................................................................................... 34
14 Kritische reflectie ......................................................................................................................................... 34
hoofdstuk 9 STOP 4-7 programma ........................................................................................................................ 35
1 doelgroepen ................................................................................................................................................... 36
2 aanmelding en intake ..................................................................................................................................... 36
2.1 intake........................................................................................................................................................... 36
3 Het STOP-7 programma ................................................................................................................................. 36
3.1 Hulpverleningsduur ..................................................................................................................................... 37
3.2 criteria voor deelname ................................................................................................................................ 37
4 doelstellingen oudertraining .......................................................................................................................... 37
3
, 5 doelstellingen kindtraining ............................................................................................................................. 38
6 begeleiderhouding ......................................................................................................................................... 39
7 Doelstellingen leerkrachttraining ................................................................................................................... 39
8 invloed van de vriendenkring ......................................................................................................................... 40
hoofdstuk 10 Webster stratton ............................................................................................................................ 41
1 positieve band ouder- kind ............................................................................................................................ 41
1 aanmodigen en complimenteren............................................................................................................. 42
2.1 De kracht van aanmoedigingen................................................................................................................... 42
2.2 Belang van aanmoedigingen ....................................................................................................................... 42
2.3 Hoe aanmoedigen ....................................................................................................................................... 42
2.4 Weerstanden en bedenkingen .................................................................................................................... 42
2 sociaal en materieel belonen: beloningssysteem .................................................................................... 43
3.1 Beloningen: soorten .................................................................................................................................... 43
3.2 beloningssystemen: wanneer ..................................................................................................................... 43
3.3 beloningssystemen: voordelen............................................................................................................ 43
3.4 beloningssystemen: welke beloningen ............................................................................................... 43
3.5 beloningssystemen: hoe opstellen ...................................................................................................... 44
3.6 weerstanden en bedenkingen ............................................................................................................. 44
3 duidelijke afspraken en regels: consequente opvolging .......................................................................... 44
4.1 belang van structuur............................................................................................................................ 44
4.2 afspraken en regels ............................................................................................................................. 45
4.3 structuur in tijd, ruimte en plaats ............................................................................................................... 45
4 grenzen stellen: afzwakken van gedrag ................................................................................................... 45
5.1 grenzen trekken .......................................................................................................................................... 45
5.2 negeren of afleiden ..................................................................................................................................... 45
4.3 time-out ............................................................................................................................................... 46
5.4 straffen of sanctioneren .............................................................................................................................. 47
hoofdstuk 11 geweldloos verzet ........................................................................................................................... 47
1 De grondlegger van geweldloos verzet : Omer Haim .............................................................................. 47
2 Wie is de baas? ........................................................................................................................................ 48
3 Waakzame zorg : drie niveaus........................................................................................................................ 48
4 Interventiegebieden : vier thema’s .......................................................................................................... 48
4.1 verzoeningsgebaren ............................................................................................................................ 48
4.2 ouderlijke aanwezigheid/acties van actieve weerstand ...................................................................... 48
4.3 Vermijden van escalatie .............................................................................................................................. 49
4.4 Sociale ondersteuning ......................................................................................................................... 50
5 Basishouding geweldloos verzet .............................................................................................................. 50
6 Wetenschappelijke evidentie................................................................................................................... 50
4
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