Volledige samenvatting van het vak kwaliteit van leven bij mensen met een psychische kwetsbaarheid. Ik heb de samenvatting gemaakt aan de hand van de powerpoints de lessen en het boek.
Kwaliteit van leven bij mensen met psychische kwetsbaarheid
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Hogeschool Gent (HoGent)
Orthopedagogie
Kvl Psychische Kwetsbaarheden
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KWALITEIT VAN LEVEN: MENSEN MET EEN PSYCHISCHE KWETSBAARHEID
Inhoud
hoofdstuk 1 een helicopterblik op onze geestelijke gezondheidszorg................................................................................3
1 geschiedenis van de psychiatrie: een kort overzicht.....................................................................................................4
2 de psychiatrie vandaag..................................................................................................................................................5
3 een aantal markante vaststellingen op vlak vn ggz.......................................................................................................7
hoofdstuk 2 diagnose en behandeling.................................................................................................................................7
1 psychiatrie en psychiatrische ziekten............................................................................................................................7
2 Diagnose in de psychiatrie: het psychiatrisch onderzoek.............................................................................................8
3 Diagnose en classificatie..............................................................................................................................................10
4 Het voorkomen van psychiatrische ziekten (epidemiologie)......................................................................................10
5 ontstaan van psychiatrische ziekten (epidemiologie).................................................................................................11
6 gevolgen van psychiatrische stoornissen....................................................................................................................11
7 behandeling en preventie............................................................................................................................................12
Hoofdstuk 3 De persoon met een psychische kwetsbaarheid versus de samenleving.....................................................13
1 vermaatschappelijking.................................................................................................................................................13
2 stigma..........................................................................................................................................................................14
3 maatschappelijke kost.................................................................................................................................................15
4 commercialisering.......................................................................................................................................................16
5 werken en wonen........................................................................................................................................................16
6 euthanasie...................................................................................................................................................................17
7 omgaan met een psychiatrische aandoening..............................................................................................................17
hoofdstuk 4 shizofreniespectrum – en andere psychotische stoornissen.........................................................................17
1 illusies..........................................................................................................................................................................17
2 Hallucinaties.................................................................................................................................................................18
3 wanen..........................................................................................................................................................................18
4 Psychotische symptomen: 4 groepen..........................................................................................................................19
Hoofdstuk 5 bipolaire stoornissen......................................................................................................................................20
1 inleiding.......................................................................................................................................................................20
2 manische periode........................................................................................................................................................21
3 Life chart methode......................................................................................................................................................21
4 Etiologie van bipolaire stoornis...................................................................................................................................22
5 Behandeling van bipolaire stoornis.............................................................................................................................22
hoofdstuk 6 depressieve stemmingsstoornis.....................................................................................................................23
1 kernsymptomen...........................................................................................................................................................23
2 Majeure depressieve stoornis.....................................................................................................................................24
1
, 3 dysthemie....................................................................................................................................................................26
4 subtypes van depressie...............................................................................................................................................26
5 prevalentie...................................................................................................................................................................27
6 oorzaken van depressie...............................................................................................................................................27
7 behandeling.................................................................................................................................................................28
hoofdstuk 7 angststoornissen............................................................................................................................................29
1 reacties op angst..........................................................................................................................................................29
2 normale angst: nuttig en adaptief...............................................................................................................................30
3 normaal of pathologisch?............................................................................................................................................30
4 prevalentie...................................................................................................................................................................31
5 verschillende vormen van angststoornissen...............................................................................................................31
6 etioogie........................................................................................................................................................................32
7 behandeling.................................................................................................................................................................32
8 dwang- en verwante stoornissen....................................................................................................................................32
1 kenmerken...................................................................................................................................................................32
2 subtypes OCd...............................................................................................................................................................33
3 prevalentie...................................................................................................................................................................33
4 etiologie.......................................................................................................................................................................34
5 behandeling.................................................................................................................................................................34
hoofdstuk 9 personen met een verslaving en middelengerelateerde problemen............................................................34
1 begrippenkader...........................................................................................................................................................34
2 DSM-5 verslavingen en middelengerelateerde stoornissen: 11 criteria.....................................................................34
3 Gokverslaving: gelijkaardige criteria maar niet identiek als bij “middelen”: 9 criteria...............................................35
4 Drugs en psychoactieve middelen...............................................................................................................................36
5 Beelvorming: de drie M’s.............................................................................................................................................38
6 Fasen van het afhankelijkheidsproces.........................................................................................................................38
7 Instandhouding van de verslaving: vicieuze cirkels.....................................................................................................38
8 Van afhankelijkheid naar herstel.................................................................................................................................38
9 Stadia van verandering Proshaska en Diclemente......................................................................................................39
10 Hoe omgaan met verslaving en middelen gerelateerde problemen?......................................................................39
hoofdstuk 10 psychotrauma- en stressorgerelateerde stoornissen..................................................................................39
1 PTSS..............................................................................................................................................................................39
2 prevalentie...................................................................................................................................................................40
3 aanpassingsstoornis.....................................................................................................................................................41
4 behandeling.................................................................................................................................................................41
5 extra: take-away Ptss...................................................................................................................................................41
hoofdstuk 11 stoornissen in de lichamelijke symptomen..................................................................................................42
2
, 1 lichamelijke klachten...................................................................................................................................................42
2 subklassen van stoornissen in de lichamelijke syptomen...........................................................................................42
3 prevalentie...................................................................................................................................................................42
4 etiologie.......................................................................................................................................................................43
5 Behandeling.................................................................................................................................................................43
hoofdstuk 12 eetstoornissen..............................................................................................................................................43
1 voedingsstoornissen....................................................................................................................................................43
2 eetstoornissen.............................................................................................................................................................44
3 Anorexia nervosa.........................................................................................................................................................44
4 Boulimia nervosa.........................................................................................................................................................45
5 Binge eating disorder...................................................................................................................................................46
6 Etiologie.......................................................................................................................................................................46
7 behandeling.................................................................................................................................................................46
hoofdstuk 13 seksuele dysfuncties en genderdysforie......................................................................................................47
1 seksuele responscyclus................................................................................................................................................47
2 seksuele dysfunctie......................................................................................................................................................47
3 etiologie.......................................................................................................................................................................49
4 behandeling van seksuele dysfunctie..........................................................................................................................49
5 genderdysforie.............................................................................................................................................................49
6 transgender als overkoepelend begrip........................................................................................................................50
hoofdstuk 14 drangstoornissen: impulsbeheersings-stoornissen en parafilieen.............................................................51
1 drangstoornissen of dwangstoornissen......................................................................................................................51
2 verschillende impulsbeheersingstoornissen...............................................................................................................51
3 seksuele drangstoornissen of parafilieen....................................................................................................................51
15 persoonlijkheidsstoornissen.........................................................................................................................................52
1 inleiding.......................................................................................................................................................................52
2 drie clusters persoonlijkheidsstoornissen...................................................................................................................53
3 prevalentie...................................................................................................................................................................54
4 etiologie.......................................................................................................................................................................54
5 behandeling.................................................................................................................................................................54
HOOFDSTUK 1 EEN HELICOPTERBLIK OP ONZE GEESTELIJKE GEZONDHEIDSZORG
3
, 1 GESCHIEDENIS VAN DE PSYCHIATRIE: EEN KORT OVERZICHT
Werden gezien als…
o Krakzinnig-bezeten-zot
o Geestesziek-gevaarlijk-ziek
De 6 perioden in de geschiedenis van de zorg voor geesteszieken
“geestesziekte”
300-1600 Nutteloos, gevaarlijk, zot
Gekkenhuizen en gestichten
1600-1800 Internering (gedwongen opname)
Pinel en Guislain
19e eeuw Pioniers!
1e helft 20e eeuw Opkomst psycho-analyse, medische technieken
Instellingen, maar ook holocaust - Psychogenocide
Psychofarmaca
1950-2010 Jaren ’60: antipsychiatrie
Prehistorie en oudheid:
o Oorzaak van ziekte bij geesten die men had beledigd: genezen via schedelboringen
o Hippocrates: ziekte komt door onjuiste verhouding met lichaamssappen -> opsluiten
o Invloed van verspreiding christendom: gelovigen moeten lot van zieken, armen en gehandicapten verzachten
300-1600:
o Personen met geestelijke stoornis in vroege middeleeuwen: compleet afgesloten van maatschappij = zotten
o Naarmate stedenbouw: zotten waren verstoorders van openbare rust en orde en waren bezeten = dolhuizen
o Uitvoering van aderlatingen, drankjes om te braken, klei- of steensnijdinen = insect die gekheid veroorzaakte
eruit halen.
o Vanaf opkomst kerk: geesteszieken kregen meer recht op het leven door opname en verzorging
o Latere middeleeuwen: heksenvervolging en inquisitieprocessen voor geesteszieken
1600-1800:
o Interneringsgolf met estickten en erbarmelijke leefomstandigheden in dolhuizen, gasthuizen, godshuizen
waar ze waren opgesloten
o Werden vastgeketend en bekeken als dieren
19e eeuw:
o Door Franse en industriële revolutie: geesteszieken beschouwd als lichamelijk zieke personen met recht op
medische verzorging
o Pinel en Guislain: oprichters van grote ziekenhuizen (visie van hulp)
1e helft – 20e eeuw:
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