biology proctored exam penn foster 2023 2024 actual exampenn foster biology proctored exam latest 199 questions and correct answersverified answers|agrade
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BIOLOGY PROCTORED EXAM PENN FOSTER
2023-2024 ACTUAL EXAM/PENN FOSTER
BIOLOGY PROCTORED EXAM LATEST 199
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS(VERIFIED ANSWERS)|AGRADE
Characteristics of living things - -
1. levels of organization
2. ability to acquire food for energy
3. maintain an internal environment
4. respond to stimuli
5. reproduce and develop
6. ability to adapt and evolve
7. contain cells
-Levels of Biological Organization - -atom, molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system,
organism, species, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere
-How are organisms classified? - -on the basis of their evolutionary/genetic relatedness
-What is the scientific method? What is it's importance in biological sciences? - -
Process used to validate observations while minimizing observer bias
It's goal is for research to be conduced in a fair, unbiased and repeatable manner. The
best way to discover how and why the world works
-What is matter? - -Anything that has mass and takes up space
-What is an atom? - -smallest unit of matter that retains all the chemical properties of
an element. They combine to form molecules which then form into a solid, gas or liquid
-What is the structure of an atom? - -Nucleus in the center that contains protons
(positively charged) and neutrons (no charge). The outermost region is called an
electron shell that contain the electrons (negatively charged)
-What is an ionic bond? - -A chemical bond that's formed when an atom transfers and
electron to another Atom
-What is a covalent bond? - -Results when 2 atoms share electrons in order to have a
completed outer shell
-What is a double covalent bond? - -Occurs when 2 atoms share 2 pairs of electroms
-In order to be an organic molecule it must contain what? - -Carbon and hydrogen
, -What are the main groups of organic molecules that build cells and their parts? - -
Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acid
-What are the properties of water? - -Its attraction to polar molecules.
High-specific heat.
High heat of vaporization.
The lower density of ice.
High polarity.
-Carbohydrates - -Broken down to glucose to provide energy.
-What are the different kinds of carbs? - -Glucose= monosaccharide that serves as
blood sugar
Sucrose= disaccharide which is table sugar
Polysaccharides= include starch, which stores energy in plants
Glycogen= stores energy in animals
Cellulose= makes up the structure of plant cell walls
-Protein - -macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen;
needed by the body for growth and repair
-Lipid - -Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made
of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Serve as a long term energy source
-Nucleic acid - -macromolecule containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and
phosphorus
Form DNA which acts to store genetic information
-What is the cell theory? - -All living organisms are made up of cells
The cell is the smallest structural and functional unit of all living organisms
All cells arise from pre-existing cells
-Ribosome - -Makes proteins
-Endoplasmic Reticulum - -A cell structure that forms a maze of passageways in which
proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the cell to another.
-Smooth ER - -Makes lipids
-Rough ER - -That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes.
-Golgi Apparatus - -Sorts and packs protein into vesicles and transports them
-Lysosome - -Digests food, bacteria and worn out organelles
-Vacuole - -Stores food, enzymes and other material
, -Mitochondria - -Powerhouse of the cell- produces energy for growth, development and
movement
-Nucleus - -A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and
reproduction
-Cell wall - -A rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support
to the cell
-Explain the process of diffusion: - -Molecules move from an area of higher
concentration to an area of lower concentration until the concentration of molecules is
the same at both sites
-Explain the process of osmosis: - -Water moves from areas of low solute concentration
to areas of high solute concentration
-Describe a basic enzymatic reaction: - -S+E= P+E
E represents the enzyme catalyzing the reaction
S is the substance being changed
P is the product of the reaction
-What is an enzyme? - -Catalysts that increase the speed of a chemical reaction without
undergoing any permanent chemical change
-What is the process of photosynthesis? - --The process in which the Sun's energy is
converted into chemical energy (occurs in chloroplasts).
-Carbon dioxide and water are added
-Sugar and oxygen are produced
-What is cellular respiration? - -Cellular respiration is the process that releases energy
from food in the presence of oxygen.
-What is the cellular respiration equation? - -6O2 + C6H12O6 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O +
Energy
-What is glycolysis? - -"splitting sugars." yields two molecules of ATP.
-What is Krebs cycle? - -This term refers to a series of chemical reactions that involve
the complete oxidation of acetyl CoA and produce 2 mol of ATP (energy) along with
hydrogen and carbon, which combine with oxygen to form (H2O) and (CO2).
-What is the electron transport chain? - -Is a sequence of electron carrier molecules
that shuttle electrons,
down a series of reactions that release energy; used to make ATP.
-What is cellular reproduction? - -Process by which cells divide to form new cells
Growth phase- cell duplicates its contents and DNA
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