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Samenvatting Biochemie I
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Een uitgebreide samenvatting van biochemie I, waarin alle processen duidelijk afgebeeld zijn! Dingen die belangrijk zijn voor het examen zijn altijd geel gearceerd.
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BIOCHEMIE I2022 – 2023
2e bachelor Diergeneeskunde
,Inhoud
Inleiding ...........................................................................................................................3
H1: Coënzymen .................................................................................................................4
Metabolieten ........................................................................................................................... 4
Vitamine afgeleide coënzymen ................................................................................................. 5
H2: Overzicht van het metabolisme ...................................................................................8
Ademhalingsketen ................................................................................................................... 8
H3: Glycolyse ....................................................................................................................9
Deel 1 ...................................................................................................................................... 9
Deel 1 → 2 ............................................................................................................................. 10
Deel 2 .................................................................................................................................... 10
Galactolyse ............................................................................................................................ 11
Fructolyse .............................................................................................................................. 11
H4: Krebs ........................................................................................................................13
Voorbereiding krebscyclus ..................................................................................................... 13
Deel 1 .................................................................................................................................... 13
Deel 2 .................................................................................................................................... 14
H5: De oxidatieve fosforylatie .........................................................................................15
Deel 1 .................................................................................................................................... 15
Deel 2 .................................................................................................................................... 16
H6: Lipiden katabolisme..................................................................................................18
Inleiding ................................................................................................................................ 18
Katabolisme........................................................................................................................... 18
Lipiden anabolisme ................................................................................................................ 21
H7: Het proteïne metabolisme ........................................................................................23
Incorporatie N in C-skelet ....................................................................................................... 23
Aminozuur katabolisme ......................................................................................................... 25
Aminozuur anabolisme .......................................................................................................... 25
H8: Het nucleotide metabolisme .....................................................................................28
Anabolisme............................................................................................................................ 28
Katabolisme........................................................................................................................... 32
H9: Bijkomende metabole wegen van sacchariden ..........................................................34
Overzicht saccharide metabolisme ......................................................................................... 34
Glycolyse ............................................................................................................................... 34
1
, Gluconeogenese .................................................................................................................... 34
Glycogenolyse........................................................................................................................ 37
Glycogenese .......................................................................................................................... 37
Pentose-fosfaat weg .............................................................................................................. 38
H10: Signaaltransductie & regeling van het metabolisme ................................................41
Signaaltransductie ................................................................................................................. 41
Regeling van het metabolisme................................................................................................ 45
Glycolyse ............................................................................................................................... 47
Krebs cyclus ........................................................................................................................... 50
Oxidatieve fosforylatie ........................................................................................................... 51
-oxidatie .............................................................................................................................. 52
Aminozuur metabolisme ........................................................................................................ 52
Nucleotide metabolisme ........................................................................................................ 53
Glycogeen metabolisme ......................................................................................................... 54
Pentose fosfaat weg............................................................................................................... 56
2
, Inleiding
Een cel is bezig met energieproductie, dit is nodig om te overleven. Dierlijke cellen doen niet
aan fotosynthese, dit is een groot nadeel. De energiebouwstenen moeten gehaald worden
uit voedsel. Het afbreken van organische moleculen zoals voedsel, noem je katabolisme. De
synthese van celmateriaal noem je het anabolisme. Uit de voedselopname krijg je ook
afvalproducten, die worden afgevoerd via de nieren. De afbraak van voedsel en het
verkrijgen van energie zal altijd in meerdere stappen gebeuren, dit is regelbaar,
controleerbaar en haalbaar.
Enzymen zijn biologische katalysatoren, dit zijn altijd eiwitten. Enzymen versnellen reacties
in vivo.
Sacchariden: glycolyse (afbraak) ↔ gluconeogenese (aanmaak)
Lipiden: β-oxidatie (afbraak)
Citroenzuurcyclus/Krebs cyclus: oxidatieve fosforylatie (afbraak)
Proteïnen: transaminatie
Nucleïnezuren: synthese heterocyclische basen en suikers (aanmaak)
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