Een uitgebreide samenvatting van Huisvesting & Bioveiligheid, een vak uit de 2e bachelor Diergeneeskunde. Alle essentiële dingen uit de slides en de cursus zul je in deze samenvatting terug vinden. Dingen die belangrijk zijn voor het examen zijn altijd geel gearceerd!
This is by no means a detailed summary, half of it is missing information. These are just the powerpoint notes, but the course is still full of things you need to know. Not even all biosafety slides are included in the summary.
By: stuviatralala • 10 months ago
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Hi Laura,
How sorry to hear that you are not satisfied with this summary! Myself and many people I know really got a good grade with this summary, so this is the first time I've heard anything negative about it. But from experience, I know that the profession is also easy to do without every smallest detail from the course!
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HUISVESTING &
BIOVEILIGHEID
2022 – 2023
2e bachelor Diergeneeskunde
,Inhoud
Deel 1: Stalklimaatbeheersing ..........................................................................................3
H1: Fysische elementen van de massa- en energiebalans in de stal ............................................ 4
Stallucht ..........................................................................................................................................................4
Wanden: warmteverlies/-behoud ..................................................................................................................8
Massabalans: vocht en CO2 ..........................................................................................................................10
Energiebalans: warmte .................................................................................................................................10
H2: Diergebonden elementen van massa- en energiebalansen in de stal.................................. 11
Dierwarmteverliezen ....................................................................................................................................11
Homoiothermie ............................................................................................................................................13
Dierwarmteproductie ...................................................................................................................................14
H3: Klimaatparameters .......................................................................................................... 16
Temperatuur .................................................................................................................................................16
Relatieve vochtigheid ...................................................................................................................................18
Luchtsnelheid................................................................................................................................................19
Stalgassen .....................................................................................................................................................20
Stalstof ..........................................................................................................................................................22
Licht ..............................................................................................................................................................23
H4: Ventilatie van de stallen ................................................................................................... 25
H5: Luchtverdeling in stallen .................................................................................................. 29
Luchtverdeling rond uitlaten ........................................................................................................................29
Luchtverdeling rond inlaten .........................................................................................................................29
H6: Stalklimaatregeling .......................................................................................................... 34
Passieve stalklimaatregelingen ....................................................................................................................34
Actieve stalklimaatregelingen ......................................................................................................................36
Deel 2: Bouw en inrichting ..............................................................................................38
H1: Situering van de stal......................................................................................................... 38
H2: Delen van de stal en hun onderlinge schikking .................................................................. 39
H3: Behoeften van dieren in relatie tot huisvesting ................................................................. 39
H4: Huisvesting varkens ......................................................................................................... 40
H5: Huisvesting pluimvee en konijn ........................................................................................ 42
Pluimvee .......................................................................................................................................................42
Konijnen ........................................................................................................................................................44
H6: Huisvesting rundvee......................................................................................................... 44
H7: Aantal dierplaatsen.......................................................................................................... 49
H8: Stalwanden...................................................................................................................... 49
Opstaande wanden: muren, hok- en boxafscheidingen ..............................................................................49
Vloer .............................................................................................................................................................50
Dak ................................................................................................................................................................51
H9: Voederen......................................................................................................................... 52
Voederwijze ..................................................................................................................................................52
Soorten voeder .............................................................................................................................................52
Voederkrib en voederhekken .......................................................................................................................53
Voederbakken, - pannen en -goten ..............................................................................................................54
Toevoer droog- en ruwvoeder .....................................................................................................................54
Opslag droog- en ruwvoeder........................................................................................................................55
1
, H10: Drenken ......................................................................................................................... 56
Algemene voorwaarden drenksystemen .....................................................................................................56
Soorten drenksystemen ...............................................................................................................................56
Soorten verdeelsystemen .............................................................................................................................57
H11: Huisvesting paard .......................................................................................................... 58
Weide en gezondheid paard ........................................................................................................................58
Individuele huisvesting .................................................................................................................................59
Groepshuisvesting ........................................................................................................................................61
H12: Huisvesting hond en kat ................................................................................................. 70
Huisvesting honden in kennels .....................................................................................................................70
Huisvesting van de (huis)hond .....................................................................................................................72
Huisvesting van de kat ..................................................................................................................................73
H13: Melkwinning .................................................................................................................. 74
Inleiding ........................................................................................................................................................74
Melkstal ........................................................................................................................................................75
Melkmachine ................................................................................................................................................78
Bioveiligheid...................................................................................................................80
H1: Epidemiologie van infectieziekten .................................................................................... 80
Agens (toxisch of infectieus).........................................................................................................................81
Gastheerfactoren..........................................................................................................................................84
Omgevingsfactoren ......................................................................................................................................84
H2: Algemene bioveiligheidsmaatregelen ............................................................................... 85
Externe bioveiligheid ....................................................................................................................................86
Interne bioveiligheid .....................................................................................................................................88
H3: Drinkwater, lucht en bodem ............................................................................................. 89
Water ............................................................................................................................................................89
Lucht .............................................................................................................................................................91
Bodem...........................................................................................................................................................93
H4: Desinfectantia, werkingsmechanismen en factoren die werking beïnvloeden .................... 95
Desinfectantia ...............................................................................................................................................97
Factoren die de activiteit van desinfectantia beïnvloeden ........................................................................102
Resistentie van micro-organismen ten opzichte van desinfectantia .........................................................102
H5: Het meten van het effect van bioveiligheidsmaatregelen, reinigen en desinfectie............ 105
Meten van het effect van desinfectans door product ...............................................................................105
Bioveiligheidsmetingen ..............................................................................................................................106
Meten van het effect van reinigen en desinfecteren .................................................................................106
H6: Insecten- en knaagdierenbestrijding ............................................................................... 107
Knaagdieren ................................................................................................................................................107
Insecten ......................................................................................................................................................109
H7: Desinfectie via fysische methoden en sterilisatie ............................................................ 111
H8: De vijf principes van bioveiligheid .................................................................................. 113
H9: Bioveiligheid op een varkensbedrijf ................................................................................ 115
H10: Bioveiligheid in de rundveehouderij ............................................................................. 119
H11: Bioveiligheid voor hondenfokkers en in kennels............................................................ 121
H12: Bioveiligheid in de klinieken en praktijk ........................................................................ 122
2
, Huisvesting
Deel 1: Stalklimaatbeheersing
Historiek: het belang van goede huisvesting was eerst duidelijk voor pluimvee, toen varkens
en later de rundveehouderij. De laatste 10-20 jaar ook voor gezelschapsdieren en paarden.
De huisvesting kan je bekijken vanuit vier invalshoeken: de 4 E’s!
• Economisch: energieverbruik, prestaties van de dieren
• Ecologisch: emissies, inplanting van bedrijf/stal in de omgeving
• Ergonomisch: arbeidsgemak
• Ethologisch: inclusief diergezondheid
Deze zaken zijn meestal niet onafhankelijk van elkaar.
De dierenarts houdt zich bezig met de relatie met diergezondheid en dierenwelzijn. Het is
ook belangrijk de wetgeving van dierenwelzijn te kennen.
Invloed van huisvesting op het dier
• Infectieziekten: ademhalingsaandoeningen, mastitis, diarree, locomotieproblemen
• Zoönosen en voedselveiligheid: Salmonella, antibioticumgebruik
• Dierprestaties: bij landbouwhuisdieren: groei, vruchtbaarheid en melkproductie, ook
sportdieren
• Dierenwelzijn: bewegingsvrijheid, letsels, luchtkwaliteit
De vijf vrijheden
3
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