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Samenvatting Persoonlijkheidspsychologie 2023

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  • Course
  • Persoonlijkheidspsychologie
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  • Thomas More Hogeschool (tmhs)

Dit is een samenvatting van Persoonlijkheidspsychologie (toegepaste psychologie) van 2023. Het is een samenvatting van de lessen, powerpoints en lesnotities. Geslaagd in eerste zit.

Last document update: 1 year ago

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Document information

  • May 21, 2023
  • May 21, 2023
  • 77
  • 2022/2023
  • Summary

Subjects

  • 2023
  • toegepaste psychologie
  • lesnotities
  • powerpoints
  • lessen
  • geslaagd in eerste zit
  • samenvatting
  • persoonlijkheidspsychologie
  • tp

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  • Thomas More Hogeschool (tmhs)
  • Bachelor Toegepaste Psychologie
  • Persoonlijkheidspsychologie
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Samenvatting
persoonlijkheidspsychologie
Inhoudsopgave
DEEL 1 Inleiding persoonlijkheidspsychologie...........................................................................................5
Hoofdstuk 1 Inleiding................................................................................................................................5
1.1.Definitie van persoonlijkheid...........................................................................................................................5
1.2. Terminologie...................................................................................................................................................6
1.3. Persoonlijkheidspsychologie...........................................................................................................................6
1.3.1. Drie analyseniveau.............................................................................................................................................................6
1.3.2. Theorie vs onderzoek.........................................................................................................................................................6

DEEL 2 Persoonlijkheidstheorieën.............................................................................................................7
Hoofdstuk 2 Dispositionele theorieën....................................................................................................................7
1.Wat zijn persoonlijkheidstrekken.......................................................................................................................7
1.1 Verschillende visies op de definitie van trekken....................................................................................................................7
2. Identificeren van trekken...................................................................................................................................7
2.1 Lexicale benadering................................................................................................................................................................7
2.2 Statistische benadering..........................................................................................................................................................7
2.3 Theoretische benadering........................................................................................................................................................7
3. Evolutie van trektheorieën................................................................................................................................8
3.1 Gordon Allport........................................................................................................................................................................8
3.2 Raymond Catell.......................................................................................................................................................................8
3.3 Hans Eysenck..........................................................................................................................................................................8
4. Five-Factor Model..............................................................................................................................................8
4.1 Extraversie VS introversie.......................................................................................................................................................9
4.2 Aangenaamheid VS antagonisme...........................................................................................................................................9
4.3 Gewetensvolheid VS disinhibitie............................................................................................................................................9
4.4 Neuroticisme VS emotionele stabiliteit..................................................................................................................................9
4.5 Openheid VS conventionaliteit.............................................................................................................................................10

Hoofdstuk 3 Biologische persoonlijkheidstheorieën................................................................................10
3.1. Hans Eynsenck (1916-1998)...........................................................................................................................10
3.1.1. De biologische basis van introvert vs extravert...............................................................................................................10
3.1.2. Biologische basis van neurotisch vs emotioneel stabiel..................................................................................................11
3.2. Jeffrey Gray (1943-2004)...............................................................................................................................11
3.3. Robert Cloninger (1944-…)............................................................................................................................12
3.4. Empirische evidentie?...................................................................................................................................13
Hoofdstuk 4 Psychodynamische theorieën..............................................................................................13
4.1 Klassieke psychoanalyse................................................................................................................................13
4.1.1 Structuur van de persoonlijkheid......................................................................................................................................13
4.1.2 Dynamiek van de persoonlijkheid.....................................................................................................................................14
4.1.3 Pschoseksuele ontwikkeling van de persoonlijkheid........................................................................................................16
4.1.4 Pschoanalytische therapie.................................................................................................................................................16
4.1.5 Evaluatie van de psychoanalyse........................................................................................................................................17
4.2 Neo-analytische beweging.............................................................................................................................18
42.1. B. Westen (1998)...............................................................................................................................................................18
4.3. Egopsychologie.............................................................................................................................................18

, 4.3.1. Erik Erikson.......................................................................................................................................................................19
4.3.2. Karen Horney....................................................................................................................................................................19
4.4 Objectrelatietheorie.......................................................................................................................................19
4.4.1. Mary Ainsworth................................................................................................................................................................19
4.4.2. Hechting in volwassen relaties.........................................................................................................................................20

Hoofdstuk 5. Humanistische theorieën....................................................................................................21
5.1. Inleiding........................................................................................................................................................21
5.2. Abraham Maslow..........................................................................................................................................21
5.3. Carl Rogers....................................................................................................................................................21
Hoofdstuk 6 Sociaal-cognivistische theorieën..........................................................................................22
6.1. Persoonlijke constructtheorie.......................................................................................................................22
6.2. Sociaal-cognitieve leertheorie.......................................................................................................................24
6.2.1. Klassieke leertheorieën vs sociaal-cognitieve leertheorie...............................................................................................24
6.2.2. Albert Bandura: wederzijds determinisme......................................................................................................................24
6.2.3. Julian Rotter: Expectancy-value theory & locus of control..............................................................................................24
6.2.4. Walter Mischel: Cognitief-affectief persoonlijkheidssysteem (CAPS)..............................................................................24

DEEL 3 Hedendaagse thema’s binnen persoonlijkheidspsychologie.........................................................25
Hoofdstuk 7 Assessment van persoonlijkheid of persoonlijkheidsdiagnostiek.........................................25
7.1. Informatiebronnen mbt persoonlijkheid.......................................................................................................25
7.1.1. Zelfrapportage of self-report data...................................................................................................................................25
7.1.2. Observatiegegevens of observer-report data..................................................................................................................26
7.1.3. Testgegevens of test data................................................................................................................................................26
7.1.4. Anamnestische informatie of life-outcome data.............................................................................................................28
7.1.5. Combineren van soorten data..........................................................................................................................................28
7.2. Evaluatie van meetinstrumenten..................................................................................................................29
7.3. Ontwikkeling van meetinstrumenten............................................................................................................29
7.4. Onderzoeksdesign in persoonlijkheidspsychologie.......................................................................................29
7.4.1. Experiment.......................................................................................................................................................................29
7.4.2. Correlationeel onderzoek.................................................................................................................................................29
7.4.3. Gevalsstudie.....................................................................................................................................................................29
7.5. Methodologische kwesties............................................................................................................................30
7.5.1. Onzorgvuldigheid.............................................................................................................................................................30
7.5.2. Centrale antwoordtendentie............................................................................................................................................30
7.5.3. Faking...............................................................................................................................................................................31
7.5.4. Barnum statements..........................................................................................................................................................31

Hoofdstuk 8 Consistentie en stabiliteit van persoonlijkheid.....................................................................32
8.1. Cross-situationele consistentie.....................................................................................................................32
8.2. Temporele stabiliteit.....................................................................................................................................33
8.2.1. Basisbegrippen.................................................................................................................................................................33
8.2.2. PH-stabiliteit in de baby-, peuter- en kindertijd en adolescentie....................................................................................34
8.2.3. PH-stabiliteit in de volwassenheid...................................................................................................................................37
8.2.4. PH-coherentie...................................................................................................................................................................38

Hoofdstuk 9 Gedragsgenetica en persoonlijkheid....................................................................................39
9.1. Het menselijk genoom..................................................................................................................................39
9.2. Controverse over genen en persoonlijkheid..................................................................................................39
9.3. Het doel van gedragsgenetica.......................................................................................................................39
9.4. Wat is erfelijkheid?.......................................................................................................................................39
9.5. Gedragsgenetisch onderzoek........................................................................................................................40

, 9.5.1. Selectief kweken...............................................................................................................................................................40
9.5.2. Familieonderzoek.............................................................................................................................................................40
9.5.3. Tweelingonderzoek..........................................................................................................................................................40
9.5.4. Adoptieonderzoek............................................................................................................................................................41
9.6. Onderzoeksbevindingen...............................................................................................................................41
9.7. Gedeelde vs niet-gedeelde omgevingsinvloeden..........................................................................................42
9.8. Genen en omgeving......................................................................................................................................42
Hoofdstuk 10 Identiteit, zelfconcept en coping........................................................................................43
10.1. Zelfconcept: beschrijvende component van het zelf...................................................................................43
10.1.1. Ontwikkeling van het zelfconcept..................................................................................................................................43
10.1.2. Zelfschema’s...................................................................................................................................................................44
10.1.3. Mogelijke zelven of ‘possible selves’..............................................................................................................................44
10.1.4. Zelfdiscrepantietheorie van Tory Higgins.......................................................................................................................44
10.2. Eigenwaarde: evaluatieve component van het zelf.....................................................................................44
10.2.1. Zelfevaluatie...................................................................................................................................................................45
10.2.2. Onderzoek over eigenwaarde........................................................................................................................................45
10.3. Sociale identiteit: sociale component van het zelf......................................................................................46
10.3.1. Wat is sociale identiteit?................................................................................................................................................46
10.3.2. Ontwikkeling van sociale identiteit................................................................................................................................46
10.3.3. Identiteitscrisissen..........................................................................................................................................................46
10.4. Coping.........................................................................................................................................................46
10.4.1. Wat is coping?................................................................................................................................................................46
10.4.2. Coping vs persoonlijkheid..............................................................................................................................................47

DEEL 4 Persoonlijkheid in het dagelijks leven..........................................................................................48
Hoofdstuk 11 Persoonlijkheid en relaties................................................................................................48
11.1. Persoonlijkheid en partnerselectie..............................................................................................................48
11.2. Persoonlijkheid en relatietevradenheid......................................................................................................49
11.3. Persoonlijkheid en vriendschap..................................................................................................................51
11.3.1. Kindertijd en adolescentie..............................................................................................................................................51
11.4. Persoonlijkheid en sociale media................................................................................................................52
Hoofdstuk 12 Persoonlijkheid en school & werk......................................................................................54
SCHOOL..................................................................................................................................................54
12.1 Vijf factoren Model en schoolse prestaties..................................................................................................54
12.2 Sociale cognitie............................................................................................................................................54
12.2.1 Adacemisch zelfconcept..................................................................................................................................................54
12.2.2. Self-efficacy....................................................................................................................................................................55
12.3 Motivationele processen..............................................................................................................................55
12.3.1. Prestatiedoeltheorie......................................................................................................................................................55
12.3.2. Examenvrees..................................................................................................................................................................56
12.4. Conclusie.....................................................................................................................................................56
WERK.....................................................................................................................................................56
12.1 Werkprestaties.............................................................................................................................................56
12.1.1 Five Factor model............................................................................................................................................................57
12.1.2.Core self-evaluations.......................................................................................................................................................57
12.1.3. Citizenship performance................................................................................................................................................57
12.1.4 Contraproductief gedrag.................................................................................................................................................58
12.2 Leiderschap..................................................................................................................................................58
12.3 Dark side van persoonlijkheid......................................................................................................................58

, 12.3.1 Psychopathische trekken op de werkvloer.....................................................................................................................58
12.4 PH-meetinstrumenten in A&O.....................................................................................................................59
Hoofdstuk 13 Persoonlijkheid en mentaal welbevinden..........................................................................60
13.1 Emoties........................................................................................................................................................60
13.1.1 3 componenten...............................................................................................................................................................60
13.1.2 State vs Trait....................................................................................................................................................................60
13.1.3 Categoriaal vs dimensionaal............................................................................................................................................60
13.2 Geluk............................................................................................................................................................61
13.3 Neuroticisme................................................................................................................................................62
13.3.1 Biologische theorieën......................................................................................................................................................62
13.3.2 Cognitieve theorieën.......................................................................................................................................................62
13.4 Affectieve intensiteit....................................................................................................................................62
13.5 Persoonlijkheid en emotioneel welbevinden...............................................................................................63
Hoofdstuk 14 Persoonlijkheid en lichamelijke gezondheid......................................................................64
14.1 Theoretische modellen.................................................................................................................................64
14.1.1 Interactioneel model.......................................................................................................................................................64
14.1.2 Transactioneel model......................................................................................................................................................65
14.1.2 Gezondheidsgedragmodel..............................................................................................................................................65
14.1.3 Predispositiemodel..........................................................................................................................................................65
14.1.4. Spectrummodel..............................................................................................................................................................66
14.1.5 Ziektegedragmodel..........................................................................................................................................................66
14.2 Stress...........................................................................................................................................................67
14.2.1 Soorten stessoren...........................................................................................................................................................67
14.2.2 Soorten stress..................................................................................................................................................................67
14.2.3 Primaire & secundaire beoordeling................................................................................................................................67
14.3 Coping..........................................................................................................................................................68
14.3.1 Attributiestijl....................................................................................................................................................................68
14.3.2 Optimisme.......................................................................................................................................................................68
14.3.3 Emotieregulatie...............................................................................................................................................................68
14.3.4 Disclosure........................................................................................................................................................................68
14.4 Persoonlijkheid en gezondheid: type A-PH...................................................................................................69
14.4.1 Persoonlijkheid en gezondheid.......................................................................................................................................69
14.4.2 Type-A persoonlijkheid....................................................................................................................................................69
14.4.3. Persoonlijkheid, gezondheid en levensduur..................................................................................................................70

Hoofdstuk 15 Persoonlijkheidsstoornissen..............................................................................................71
15.1 Persoonlijkheidsstoornissen in DMS-5.........................................................................................................71
15.1.1Drie clusters......................................................................................................................................................................71
15.2 Prevalentie...................................................................................................................................................75
15.3 Etiologie.......................................................................................................................................................75
15.4 Dimensionale benadering van persoonlijkheidspathologie..........................................................................76

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