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Summary Block 1.2 Circulation and Breathing
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Detailed notes of all the cases from Block 1.2, schematics included, with the lectures and practicals integrated into the summaries.
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Circulation and Breathing 1.2 Fiche de RevisionCase 1: The Respiratory System
- respiration: performs gaseous exchange between O2 and CO2
- pulmonary ventilation: change of gases during inhalation/expiration
- external respiration: O2 diffusion from lung-blood; CO2 diffusion from blood-lung
- transport of respiratory gases by the cardiovascular system
- internal respiration: O2 diffusion from blood-tissue; CO2 diffusion tissue-blood
I. Anatomy of the Respiratory System
- respiratory system: thorax - mediastinum = lungs + 2PP
- trachea: goblet cells, mucous cells, ciliated cells
- Clara cells: determination of chemical/physical properties of small airways, bronchiolar surfactant, maybe
detoxification, located at the terminal bronchioles
- structure of the pleurae and cavity: folded over membrane covering the lungs
- parietal: lines the thoracic wall; cupola (apex), costal, diaphragmatic
- visceral: lines the lung surface/invaginations
- functions: lubricant, pressure forces bind lungs to thoracic cavity, limit lung expansion, contribute to elastic
recoil, protect lungs
- histology of the pleurae: mesothelial cells, layer of connective tissue (P - loose; V - dense)
- mesothelial cell: transportation of particulate matter, microvilli entangle glycoproteins, differentiates into
macrophages/myofibroblasts
- structure of the lungs and bronchial system:
- right: 3 lobes, 10 segments w/ corresponding bronchial division
- left: 2 lobes (due to heart inclination), 9 segments w/ bronchial division
- hilum: center of the lung where bronchi, veins, arteries enter
- bronchi ( 22 subdivisions): cartilaginous regions replaced by smooth muscle (segmental - large/small;
bronchiole -terminal/respiratory), contain stretch receptors
- acinus: alveolar sacs composed of alveoli
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