Deze samenvatting is een combinatie van de PowerPoints en uitgebreide notities van het eerste tot het laatste hoorcollege. Er wordt een duidelijke en chronologische structuur gehanteerd en het document bevat veel afbeeldingen ter illustratie.
1. Cellen in de hersenen (celbiologie) .............................................................................................................. 8
Neuronen ........................................................................................................................................................ 8
Gliacellen ....................................................................................................................................................... 11
2. Neurowetenschappelijke methoden van onderzoek.................................................................................. 12
Organisatieniveaus ........................................................................................................................................ 12
Technieken om hersenwerking te onderzoeken ........................................................................................... 12
Gebruik van dieren in neurowetenschappelijk onderzoek............................................................................ 21
DE ACTIEPOTENTIAAL ................................................................................................................................... 22
Het celmembraan .............................................................................................................................................. 22
Ionen.................................................................................................................................................................. 22
Ionenkanalen in membraan .......................................................................................................................... 22
The movement of ions................................................................................................................................... 23
The cast of chemicals .................................................................................................................................... 23
Concentratie van ionen: intra- vs. extracellulair ................................................................................................ 23
Na-K pomp..................................................................................................................................................... 24
The ionic basis of the Resting Membrane Potential (vervolg verder) ........................................................... 24
De evenwichtspotentiaal ............................................................................................................................... 24
The ionic basis of the Resting Membrane Potential (vervolg) ....................................................................... 25
De actiepotentiaal ......................................................................................................................................... 25
Geleiding van de actiepotentiaal ................................................................................................................... 28
Extracellulair gemeten actiepotentiaal ......................................................................................................... 29
De tong .............................................................................................................................................................. 40
De centrale gustatieve banen ............................................................................................................................ 43
Neurale code van smaak ................................................................................................................................... 43
Eigenschappen van licht .................................................................................................................................... 50
Anatomie van het oog ....................................................................................................................................... 50
Breken van licht door de cornea/ hoornvlies ..................................................................................................... 51
Accommodatie van de lens ................................................................................................................................ 51
Hypermetropie (verziendheid) versus myopie (bijziendheid) ............................................................................. 52
Lichtreflex van de pupil ...................................................................................................................................... 52
Het visueel veld.................................................................................................................................................. 52
Beeldvorming door het oog ............................................................................................................................... 53
Microscopische anatomie van de retina/ netvlies ............................................................................................. 53
Gelaagde organisatie van de retina .................................................................................................................. 53
Structuur van fotoreceptoren ............................................................................................................................ 54
Structuur van netvlies (retina) ........................................................................................................................... 54
Fototransductie ................................................................................................................................................. 55
Fototransductie in staafjes ............................................................................................................................ 55
Fototransductie in kegeltjes .......................................................................................................................... 56
Het receptief veld van een visuele cel ................................................................................................................ 56
Receptief veld van een bipolaire cel.............................................................................................................. 57
Receptief veld van een ganglioncel ............................................................................................................... 57
De invloed van contrast op de perceptie van licht en donker ....................................................................... 58
Antagonistische center-surround organisatie: andere soort ganglioncellen ................................................ 58
Rechter en linker visuele hemifields .................................................................................................................. 60
De visuele baan die visuele perceptie ondersteunt............................................................................................ 60
Nonthalamische doelen van het optische kanaal (tractus opticus) ................................................................... 61
Retinale inputs naar de LGN lagen .................................................................................................................... 61
Organisatie van de LGN lagen ........................................................................................................................... 61
Nonretinale inputs naar de LGN lagen .............................................................................................................. 62
Anatomie van de striate/ gestreepte cortex...................................................................................................... 62
Retinotopische organisatie: de retinotopische kaart in de gestreepte cortex ................................................... 63
Cytoarchitectuur van de gestreepte cortex ....................................................................................................... 63
Inputs naar de gestreepte cortex....................................................................................................................... 63
Patronen van intracorticale connecties ............................................................................................................. 64
Mixen van informatie van de 2 ogen ................................................................................................................. 64
Outputs van de gestreepte cortex ..................................................................................................................... 64
Fysiologie van de gestreepte cortex .................................................................................................................. 65
Visuele areas bij de aap ..................................................................................................................................... 67
Definitie van areas obv retinotopie ................................................................................................................... 67
Buiten de gestreepte cortex .............................................................................................................................. 68
Visuele areas in het menselijke brein ................................................................................................................ 68
Dorsale stroom .............................................................................................................................................. 68
3
, Lara Magis – Samenvatting Neurofysiologie
Ventrale stroom ............................................................................................................................................ 68
Visuele cortex van de mens ........................................................................................................................... 69
Van single neuronen naar perceptie.................................................................................................................. 69
The nature of sound .......................................................................................................................................... 71
Auditieve signalering: structuren in het auditief systeem ................................................................................. 71
Het middenoor................................................................................................................................................... 71
Attenuatiereflex ............................................................................................................................................ 72
Het binnnenoor.................................................................................................................................................. 72
Cochlea .......................................................................................................................................................... 72
Golfbeweging in het basilair membraan ....................................................................................................... 72
Antwoord van basilair membraan op geluid ................................................................................................. 72
Orgaan van corti en geassocieerde structuren.............................................................................................. 73
Cochleaire amplificatie: uitwendige haarcelversterker ................................................................................. 74
Auditieve banen................................................................................................................................................. 75
Antwoordeigenschappen van neuronen in de auditieve banen ................................................................... 75
Coderen van geluidsintensiteit: luidheid (parameter 1) .................................................................................... 75
Mechanismen van geluidslokalisatie (parameter 3).......................................................................................... 76
Lokalisatie van geluid in horizontaal vlak ...................................................................................................... 76
Lokalisatie van geluid in verticaal vlak........................................................................................................... 78
Kleine en grote receptieve velden...................................................................................................................... 82
Grootte van receptieve velden & adaptatiesnelheid ......................................................................................... 83
4
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller laramagis. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $5.88. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
