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Samenvatting - Criminaliteit En Politiek
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Dit is een volledige samenvatting van het vak Criminaliteit en politiek (VUB). Inclussief de gastcolleges exclusief de bijhorende teksten. Geslaagd in eerste zit!
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By: LauraCools • 1 year ago
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INHOUDHOC 1: Hoofdstuk 1: politiek en criminaliteit ............................................................. 7
1.1 Transformatie van de politiek ...................................................................... 7
1.1.1 Verplaatsing van de politiek .................................................................. 7
1.1.2 Heteronomie....................................................................................... 9
1.1.3 Recontextualisering.................................................................................. 9
1.1.4 Representatiepolitiek ........................................................................... 9
1.2 Transformatie in de aanpak van criminaliteit ................................................10
1.2.1 David Garland (1955) .........................................................................10
1.2.2 David Garland: ‘the culture of control’...................................................11
1.2.3 Transformaties in België (1970-2014) .......................................................14
1.2.4 Francis Fukuyama: the end of history and the last man (1992) ................15
1.2.4.2 een crisis van de democratie ............................................................15
1.2.4.3 een democratisch deficit ..................................................................16
1.2.4.4 Een snel veranderende samenleving .......................................................16
1.2.4.5 Een evolutie naar meer progressieve opvattingen ....................................16
1.2.4.6 Een culturele terugslag .........................................................................17
1.2.4.7 Autoritair-populisme.............................................................................17
1.2.4.8 De autoritaire dreiging ..........................................................................18
1.2.4.9 Democratieën zijn niet vanzelfsprekend ..................................................19
1.2.4.10 Hoe democratieën sterven ...................................................................19
1.3 Keuze in een veiligheidsbeleid ....................................................................20
1.4 het spel van traditionele politiek .................................................................20
1.4.1 consociationalisme ..................................................................................20
HOC 2: hoofdstuk 2: Historiek en achtergronden ......................................................21
samenvatting vorige les......................................................................................21
1.1 strafrechterlijke beleid >< criminele politiek ................................................23
1.2 een eigen strafwet en handhavingsapparaat ................................................24
1.2.1 1830-1850: armoede, economische crisis en snel stijgende
criminaliteitscijfers ..........................................................................................24
1.2.2 1867: herziening van het strafwetboek-filosofie van de klassieke school ...25
1.2.3 vanaf 1875: evolutie naar een meer interventionistische overheid (Evolutie
naar een daderbeleid)......................................................................................26
1.3 belangrijke personages in de geschiedenis...................................................28
1.3.1 Adolphe Prins (1845-1919) ......................................................................28
1.3.2 Jules Lejeune (1828-1911) ..................................................................28
1.3.3 Henri Carton de Wiart (1869-1951) ......................................................29
1
, 1.3.4 Emile Vandervelde (1866-1938)...........................................................29
1.3.5 Paul-Emile Janson (1871-1944) ...........................................................29
1.4 samenvatting: evolutie naar een daderbeleid ...............................................29
1.5 naar een nieuw daderbeeld ........................................................................30
1.5.1 Na WOII: verzorgingsstaat en nieuw sociaal verweer ..............................30
1.5.2 Vanaf jaren 1970: nieuw maatschappelijk klimaat ..................................30
1.5.3 CONSOCIATIONALISME: ..........................................................................31
HOC 3 & 4: hoofdstuk 3: de weg naar octopus .........................................................32
samenvatting vorige les......................................................................................32
Periode 1: 70’-80’ ..............................................................................................32
1.1 1979-1987: justtie zakt nog dieper op de politieke agenda ................................32
1.2 de criminele jaren 80: het belang van incidenten en crissisen ........................33
1.2.1 de zaak horion ...................................................................................34
1.2.2 War on drugs .....................................................................................34
1.2.3 Cellules communistes combattantes (CCC) ............................................36
1.2.4 Bende Van Nijvel ................................................................................37
1.2.5 Heizeldrama ......................................................................................38
1.2.6 Bende Haemers .................................................................................38
1.3 Rapport van de Bendecommissie I ..................................................................39
HOC 4 ..............................................................................................................40
samenvatting vorige les......................................................................................40
periode 2: 90’ ...................................................................................................40
1.4: 1988-1996: de weg van de geleidelijkheid .....................................................41
1.5 1988-zomer 1996: een eerste correctie ..........................................................41
1.6 Bendecommisie I ......................................................................................43
1.7 pinksterplan ............................................................................................44
1.8 zwarte zondag .........................................................................................45
1.9 De regering Dehaene I ..................................................................................46
1.10 Parlementaire onderzoekscommissie mensenhandel ........................................48
1.11 De zaak Cools en de zaak Agusta-Dassault ....................................................49
1.12 regering Dehaene II....................................................................................50
1.12.1 Hoofdstuk: “Veiligheid centraal” ..............................................................51
1.12.2 Hoofdstuk: “Vernieuwing van democratie en rechtstaat” ............................51
1.12.3 Oriëntatienota strafbeleid en gevangenisbeleid (19 juni 1996) ....................52
1.12.4 Consensusnota verdergaande specialisering, betere taakverdeling en
samenwerking tussen de politiediensten (1996) ..................................................52
1.13 de zaak dutroux .........................................................................................53
2
, 1.13.1 bendecommisie en de zaak dutroux .........................................................53
1.13.2 verslag van de commisie dutroux (1997) .................................................54
1.13.3 ontsnapping dutroux .............................................................................59
1.13.4 Octopusakkoord over hervormingen bij politie én justitie .........................60
1.13.5 Een geïntegreerde politie, gestructureerd op twee niveaus .........................61
1.13.6 fedraal parket, verticale en horizontale integratie en mandaatsysteem ......62
1.14 reflexieve veiligheid ..................................................................................62
1.15 populisme (cf. Abts (2004; zie ook corijn, 2004) ..........................................64
1.15.1 Populisme en democratie .......................................................................65
HOC 5: hoofdstuk 4: nieuwe kaders voor een geïntegreerd en integraal beleid .............67
samenvatting vorige les......................................................................................67
1.1 video de zaak dutroux...............................................................................67
1.2 stabilietiet en verandering .........................................................................67
1.3 het regeerakkoord van de regring Verhofstadt I ...........................................69
1.4 het veiligheids-en detentieplan...................................................................70
1.5 Het regeerakkoord van de regring Verhofstadt II..............................................71
1.6 Themisplan..................................................................................................74
1.7 Kadernota integrale veiligheid (2004) .............................................................75
1.8 de regringen Leterme en Van Rompuy ........................................................76
1.9 tien jaar octopus (2008)............................................................................79
1.10 regering di rupo (eerste waalse premier) .......................................................80
HOC 6: hoofdstuk 5: ambities voor justitie en uitdagingen voor veiligheid ...................81
samenvatting vorige les......................................................................................81
1.1 regering Michel I (en II) ............................................................................83
1.2 Kadernota integrale veiligheid 2016 ................................................................83
1.2.1 Transversale uitdagingen .........................................................................83
1.2.2 Veiligheidsfenomenen..............................................................................83
1.3 regering Michel I en (II) ................................................................................84
1.4 regering Wilmès II........................................................................................84
1.5 regering de croo...........................................................................................84
1.6 kadernota integrale veiligheid 2022-2024 ........................................................84
HOC 7: hoofdstuk 6: politieke ideologie ...................................................................86
samevattign vorige les .......................................................................................86
1.1 liberalisme...............................................................................................86
1.1.1 Meta-ideologie........................................................................................86
1.1.2 kernidee: menselijke vrijheid ...................................................................86
1.1.3 bescherming van de rechten van het individu .............................................87
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, 1.1.4 economische vrijheid...............................................................................87
1.1.5 kernconcepten........................................................................................87
1.1.6 diverse stromingen .................................................................................88
1.2 conservatisme..........................................................................................88
1.2.1 menselijke beprekingen benadrukken ...................................................88
1.2.2 afkeer van revolutie en behoud van traditie ...........................................88
1.2.3 kernconcepten ...................................................................................88
1.2.4 verschillende verschijningsvormen .......................................................89
1.3 christendemocratie ...................................................................................89
1.3.1 pragmatisch of paternalistisch conservatisme ........................................89
1.3.2 sociale leer van de kerk ...........................................................................89
1.3.3 kernconcepten van de christendemocratie .................................................89
1.4 socialisme ...................................................................................................90
1.4.1 industriële revolutie ................................................................................90
1.4.2 kernconcepten van het socialisme .............................................................90
1.4.3 diverse verschijningsvormen ....................................................................90
1.5 nationalisme ............................................................................................90
1.5.1 kernconcepten........................................................................................91
1.5.2 diverse vormen ......................................................................................91
1.6 ecologisme ..............................................................................................91
1.6.1 nieuwe breuklijn ................................................................................91
1.6.2 antropocentische vs ecocentrisch .........................................................92
1.6.3 kernconcepten ...................................................................................92
1.6.4 rechts-realisme ..................................................................................92
1.6.5 links realisme .........................................................................................92
HOC 8: Gastcollege: Metapolitiek 2.0 Ico Maly (onder hfst 6 politieke ideologie) ...........93
1 inleiding.........................................................................................................93
2 common Sense ...........................................................................................93
3 Post WOII...................................................................................................94
3.1 Voorbeeld: Racisme: ..................................................................................95
3.2 Voorbeeld feminisme: ................................................................................95
3.3 voorbeeld democratie: ...............................................................................96
4 wat is anti-verlichting ..................................................................................96
5. Nouvelle droite essentie ..................................................................................96
6. nieuw Rechts .................................................................................................96
7. metapolitiek 2.0.............................................................................................96
8. the golden one ..............................................................................................99
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