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Samenvatting Internationale Economische Instellingen (2022/2023) BPM UGent

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Samenvatting van het vak Internationale Economische Instellingen. Gedoceerd door prof. Herman Matthijs. Academiejaar 2022/2023. Master Bestuurskunde en Publiek Management, UGent.

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  • May 23, 2023
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  • 2022/2023
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By: seppeuyttersport93 • 1 year ago

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Samenvatting: Internationale Economische Instellingen (prof. Herman Matthijs):
2022/2023
Inhoudstafel
Inhoudstafel ............................................................................................................................................... 1
Hoofdstuk 1: De geschiedenis .............................................................................................................................. 5
1.7 De verdragen ............................................................................................................................................. 5
1.8 Post en telecom ........................................................................................................................................ 5
1.12 Na de tweede wereldoorlog ................................................................................................................... 6

Deel A: De Europese instellingen ................................................................................................................. 6
Hoofdstuk 2: De Europese Unie en zijn begroting ............................................................................................... 6
2.1 De eigen middelen .................................................................................................................................... 6
2.1.1 Soorten eigen middelen .................................................................................................................... 7
2.1.2 COVID gelden .................................................................................................................................... 8
2.2 De uitgaven ............................................................................................................................................... 9
2.3 Betalend of ontvangend land .................................................................................................................. 10
2.5 Europese Politieke Gemeenschap (European Political Community) ...................................................... 10
Hoodstuk 3: De Europese Centrale Bank (ECB) .................................................................................................. 11
3.1 De Latijnse muntunie .............................................................................................................................. 11
3.3 Leden ....................................................................................................................................................... 11
3.4 Convergentiecriteria ............................................................................................................................... 12
3.4.1 Prijsstabiliteit ................................................................................................................................... 12
3.4.2 Rente ............................................................................................................................................... 12
3.4.3 Wisselkoers ..................................................................................................................................... 13
3.4.4 Budgettaire criteria ......................................................................................................................... 13
3.5 Taken ....................................................................................................................................................... 13
3.5.1 ESCB ................................................................................................................................................. 13
3.5.2 ECB................................................................................................................................................... 14
3.6 Kapitaal.................................................................................................................................................... 16
3.8 Winst en verlies toewijzing ECB .............................................................................................................. 17
3.9 Externe reserves...................................................................................................................................... 17
3.10 Uitgifte bankbiljetten ............................................................................................................................ 18
3.12 De goudvoorraad .................................................................................................................................. 18
3.12.1 Washington Agreement (1999) ..................................................................................................... 18
3.12.2 Voorraad en prijs ........................................................................................................................... 19
3.12.3 Belang van goud en de goudenstandaard .................................................................................... 20
3.12.4 België ............................................................................................................................................. 20
3.12.5 Locatie van het goud ..................................................................................................................... 20
3.13 Bestuur .................................................................................................................................................. 21
3.13.1 Eurogroep ...................................................................................................................................... 21
3.13.2 ESCB ............................................................................................................................................... 21
3.13.3 ECB................................................................................................................................................. 21
Hoofdstuk 4: Europese Investerings Bank (EIB) ................................................................................................. 23
4.1 Taken ....................................................................................................................................................... 23
4.2 Financiën ................................................................................................................................................. 23
4.3 Bestuur .................................................................................................................................................... 24
Hoofdstuk 5: Europese Bank Wederopbouw en Ontwikkeling (EBWO) ............................................................ 25
5.1 Taken ....................................................................................................................................................... 25
5.2 Bestuur .................................................................................................................................................... 26
5.3 Kapitaal.................................................................................................................................................... 26
Hoofdstuk 6: Europees Ruimtevaart Agentschap (ESA)..................................................................................... 27
6.3 Taken ....................................................................................................................................................... 27


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, 6.4 Bestuursorganen ..................................................................................................................................... 27
6.5 Begroting ................................................................................................................................................. 28
Hoofdstuk 7: Eurocontrol ................................................................................................................................... 29
7.2 Bestuur .................................................................................................................................................... 29
7.3 Begroting ................................................................................................................................................. 29
Hoofdstuk 8: Organisatie voor de Economische Samenwerking en Ontwikkeling (OESO) ................................ 30
8.3 OESO........................................................................................................................................................ 30
8.4 Taken ....................................................................................................................................................... 30
8.5 Bestuur .................................................................................................................................................... 31
Hoofdstuk 9: Bank voor Internationale Betalingen (BIB)................................................................................... 31
9.2 De positie van BIB ................................................................................................................................... 31
9.2 Huidige taken .......................................................................................................................................... 32
9.4 Bestuur .................................................................................................................................................... 34
9.5 Kapitaal.................................................................................................................................................... 35
Hoofdstuk 10: Groepen van 7-10-20 .................................................................................................................. 36
10.1 Groep van 10 ......................................................................................................................................... 36
10.2 Groep van 7/8 ....................................................................................................................................... 37
10.3 Groep van 20 ......................................................................................................................................... 38
Hoofdstuk 11: Europese Economische Ruimte (EER) ......................................................................................... 39
11.1 EER akkoord (1992) ............................................................................................................................... 39
11.2 Bevoegdheden ...................................................................................................................................... 39
11.3 Beheer ................................................................................................................................................... 40
11.4 Schengen ............................................................................................................................................... 42
Hoofdstuk 12: European Free Trade Association (EFTA) ................................................................................... 44
12.2 De EFTA overeenkomst ......................................................................................................................... 44
12.5 Bestuur .................................................................................................................................................. 45
12.5.1 EFTA Raad ...................................................................................................................................... 45
12.5.2 Adviesorganen ............................................................................................................................... 45
12.5.3 Secretariaat ................................................................................................................................... 46
12.5.5 EFTA gerechtshof .......................................................................................................................... 46
12.5.6 Toezichthoudende autoriteit: ESA ................................................................................................ 47
12.6 Kostprijs van de EFTA ............................................................................................................................ 47
12.6.2 EER begroting ................................................................................................................................ 47
12.6.3 Financieel mechanisme ................................................................................................................. 48
12.7 Zwitserse bijdragen ............................................................................................................................... 49
Hoofdstuk 13: Commonwealth en de Brexit ...................................................................................................... 50
13.1 Commonwealth ..................................................................................................................................... 50
13.1.1 Leden ............................................................................................................................................. 50
13.1.2 Taken en bestuur........................................................................................................................... 50
13.2 Brexit ..................................................................................................................................................... 51
13.2.2 Voorbeelden .................................................................................................................................. 51
13.2.3 Territoriale uitzonderingen ........................................................................................................... 52
Hoofdstuk 14: Nordic Council (Noordse Raad & Arctic)..................................................................................... 52
14.1 Noordse Raad ........................................................................................................................................ 52
14.1.2 Bestuur .......................................................................................................................................... 52
14.2 De Arctische Raad ................................................................................................................................. 53
Hoofdstuk 15: Benelux ....................................................................................................................................... 54
15.2 Taken ..................................................................................................................................................... 54
15.3 Bestuur .................................................................................................................................................. 55
15.3.1 Comité der Ministers (Uitvoerend) ............................................................................................... 55
15.3.2 Raadgevend interparlementaire raad (wetgevend) ..................................................................... 55
15.3.3 Gerechtshof ................................................................................................................................... 55



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, 15.3.4 Secretariaat ................................................................................................................................... 56
Hoofdstuk 16: Noord Atlantische Verdrags Organisatie (NAVO) ...................................................................... 56
16.1 Structuur ............................................................................................................................................... 57
16.2 De taken ................................................................................................................................................ 58
16.3 Begroting ............................................................................................................................................... 59
16.4 Addendum ............................................................................................................................................. 60
16.4.1 EDF................................................................................................................................................. 60
16.4.2 AUKUS ........................................................................................................................................... 61

Deel B: Gespecialiseerde organisatie van de Verenigde Naties ................................................................... 61
Hoofdstuk 17: Internationaal Monetair Fonds (IMF)......................................................................................... 61
17.2 Leden IMF .............................................................................................................................................. 61
17.3 Taken ..................................................................................................................................................... 62
17.4 Bestuur .................................................................................................................................................. 63
17.4.1 Board of Governors ....................................................................................................................... 63
17.4.2 IMFC .............................................................................................................................................. 63
17.4.3 Executive Board ............................................................................................................................. 64
17.4.4 Managing Director ........................................................................................................................ 65
17.5 Middelen van het IMF ........................................................................................................................... 65
17.5.1 Quota ............................................................................................................................................. 65
17.5.2 Leningen: GAB – NBA – BBA .......................................................................................................... 66
17.5.3 Goud .............................................................................................................................................. 67
17.5.4 Speciale Trekkingsrechten (SDR) ................................................................................................... 67
17.6 Activiteiten ............................................................................................................................................ 68
17.6.1 Financiële steun ............................................................................................................................ 68
17.6.2 Consultaties ................................................................................................................................... 70
Hoofdstuk 18: Wereldbank (WB) ....................................................................................................................... 70
18.2 Taak en leden ........................................................................................................................................ 71
18.3 Bestuur .................................................................................................................................................. 71
18.3.1 Board of Governors ....................................................................................................................... 71
18.3.2 Board of Directors of Executive Board .......................................................................................... 72
18.4 Kapitaal.................................................................................................................................................. 73
18.5 De Wereldbankgroep ............................................................................................................................ 74
18.5.1 IDA ................................................................................................................................................. 74
18.5.2 IFC .................................................................................................................................................. 74
18.5.3 MIGA.............................................................................................................................................. 75
18.5.4 ICSID .............................................................................................................................................. 75
Hoofdstuk 19: Internationale Arbeidsorganisatie (IAO) .................................................................................... 76
19.2 Lidmaatschap ........................................................................................................................................ 76
19.3 Bestuur .................................................................................................................................................. 76
19.3.1 De Internationale arbeidsconferentie........................................................................................... 77
19.3.2 De Raad van Beheer ...................................................................................................................... 77
19.3.3 De administratie ............................................................................................................................ 77
19.4 De klachtenprocedure........................................................................................................................... 78
19.5 Het beleid .............................................................................................................................................. 78
Hoofdstuk 20: Internationale Telecommunicatie Unie (ITU) ............................................................................. 78
Hoofdstuk 21: Internationale Post Unie (UPU) .................................................................................................. 79
Hoofdstuk 22: Organisatie voor de Internationale Burgerluchtvaart................................................................ 81
22.1 Lidmaatschap ........................................................................................................................................ 81
22.2 Luchtvrijheden ...................................................................................................................................... 81
22.3 Taken ..................................................................................................................................................... 82
22.5 Het economisch belang ......................................................................................................................... 82
22.6 Bestuur .................................................................................................................................................. 83



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, Hoofdstuk 23: Internationale Maritieme Organisatie (IMO) ............................................................................. 84
23.1 Lidmaatschap ........................................................................................................................................ 84
23.2 Bestuur .................................................................................................................................................. 85
23.4 Het belang van de zeevaart .................................................................................................................. 85
Hoofdstuk 24: Wereld Handels Organisatie (WHO) .......................................................................................... 86
24.2 WTO kenmerken ................................................................................................................................... 87
24.3 Lidmaatschap ........................................................................................................................................ 89
24.4 Besluitvorming ...................................................................................................................................... 90
24.5 Geschillen .............................................................................................................................................. 91
24.6 Actualiteit .............................................................................................................................................. 92
24.7 Begroting ............................................................................................................................................... 92
Hoofdstuk 25: De Wereld Douane Organisatie (WDO)...................................................................................... 93
25.1 Administratie ......................................................................................................................................... 93
25.2 Taken en werkzaamheden .................................................................................................................... 94
Hoofdstuk 26: Internationaal Atoom Energie Agentschap (IAEA) ..................................................................... 95
26.1 Het IAEA ................................................................................................................................................ 95
26.2 CERN ...................................................................................................................................................... 96
26.3 ITER........................................................................................................................................................ 97

Deel 3: Andere Economische Instellingen .................................................................................................. 97
Hoofdstuk 28: De niet-Europese vrijhandelszones............................................................................................. 97
28.1 NAFTA .................................................................................................................................................... 97
28.3 APEC – ASEAN – TPP/CPTPP.................................................................................................................. 98
28.7 S.C.O ...................................................................................................................................................... 98
Hoofdstuk 29: Grondstofakkoorden OPEC/ Olie ................................................................................................ 99




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