Exam (elaborations)
Exam (elaborations) UPSE
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UPSC IAS PRELIMS 2023
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Sources of Indian ConstitutionIn this foreign music course, I, Abhishek Mishra, will be discussing the sources of Indian
Constitution. As we know, quality is a crucial segment of UPSC Prelims, and we need to be aware
of various articles and provisions in the constitution to answer questions correctly. Therefore, we
need to have this information handy and remember it during crunch time in the examination. In
today's class, I will be discussing the following:
● The basics of constitution and polity
● The definition of state and its various contexts
● The features of Indian Constitution, including parliamentary form of government,
federalism, independent judiciary, secularism, and separation of powers
Let's begin by understanding what constitution and polity mean. The constitution is the basic law
of the land, which defines how the state will be governed. It is a collection of fundamental
principles and regulations that govern the country. The constitution is framed by a specialized
body called the Constituent Assembly. The constitution is a power map that allocates power
among the different organs of the state, including the executive, legislature, and judiciary. The
constitution is the supreme law of the land, and all laws and regulations must be in conformity
with it.
The state has three organs - executive, legislature, and judiciary. The executive implements the
laws, the legislature makes the laws, and the judiciary interprets the laws. The Indian Constitution
has several features, including:
● Parliamentary form of government
● Federalism
● Independent judiciary
● Secularism
● Separation of powers
India has a parliamentary form of government, which means we have a real executive and a
nominal executive. The head of the state is the President, but the real executive is the Prime
Minister who heads the Council of Ministers. India also has federalism, which means we have
levels of government - central and state. Our constitution also guarantees an independent
judiciary, which is a crucial feature of federalism. India is a secular country that does not have an
official religion or a state religion. Lastly, our constitution mandates separation of powers among
the organs of the state, as defined in Article 50.
The concept of power separation means that each organ of the state should have supremacy in
their own sphere and should not encroach upon the areas of the other organs. This is mentioned
in Article 50 of the Indian Constitution, which separates the executive and judiciary. Another
important feature is the fundamental rights mentioned in Part III of the Constitution, protecting
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