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Volledige Samenvatting - Gezondheidspsychologie (Y00371)
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Dit is een volledige samenvatting van het vak Gezondheidspsychologie (Y00371) gebaseerd op de powerpoint en de lessen aangevuld met eigen notities.
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SV Gezondheidspsychologie KS 2022-2023Gezondheidspsychologie
Inhoudsopgave
H1 Wat is gezondheid? .............................................................................................................................................. 5
1.1 Wat is gezondheid? Veranderende perspectieven ............................................................................................. 5
1.1.1 Relatie tussen lichaam en geest........................................................................................................................ 5
1.1.2 Biomedisch ziektemodel .............................................................................................................................. 5
1.1.3 Vraagtekens bij dualisme: psychosociale modellen voor gezondheid en ziekte ......................................... 6
1.1.4 Biopsychosociaal ziektemodel ..................................................................................................................... 6
1.1.5 Gedrag, dood en ziekte ................................................................................................................................ 6
1.2 Individuele, culturele en leeftijd gerelateerde perspectieven op gezondheid ..................................................... 6
1.2.1 Lekentheorieën over gezondheid ................................................................................................................. 6
1.2.2 Definitie van gezondheid van de Wereldgezondheidsorganisatie (WHO) ................................................... 7
1.2.3 Crossculturele perspectieven op gezondheid .............................................................................................. 7
1.2.4 Levensloop en gezondheid .......................................................................................................................... 7
1.3 Wat is gezondheidspsychologie? ........................................................................................................................ 7
1.3.1 Wat is het verband tussen psychologie en gezondheid............................................................................... 7
H2 Sociale verschillen in ziekte en gezondheid ...................................................................................................... 8
2.1 Gezondheidsverschillen ...................................................................................................................................... 8
2.1.1 Bewijs voor gezondheidsverschillen ............................................................................................................ 8
2.1.2 Ook onder mensen met een hoge SES komen gezondheidsverschillen voor ............................................ 8
2.1.3 Verklaringen voor ongelijkheid in gezondheid tussen sociaaleconomische groepen ................................. 8
2.1.4 Balans werk-leven en stress ........................................................................................................................ 9
2.1.5 Werkloosheid ................................................................................................................................................ 9
2.2 Minderheidsstatus en gezondheid....................................................................................................................... 9
2.2.1 Verschillen in gezond gedrag tussen etnische minderheidsgroepen ................................................................ 9
2.3 Geslacht en gezondheid ...................................................................................................................................... 9
2.3.1 Biologische verschillen ............................................................................................................................... 10
2.3.2 Verschillen in gedrag .................................................................................................................................. 10
H3 Ongezond gedrag ................................................................................................................................................ 10
3.1 Wat is gezondheidsbevorderend gedrag? ........................................................................................................ 10
3.1.1 Ongezond gedrag....................................................................................................................................... 11
3.2 Roken, drinken en gebruik van illegale drugs ................................................................................................... 11
Drinken ...................................................................................................................................................................... 11
Primaire alcoholsterfte = langdurig drinken, leverproblemen....................................................................................... 11
Secundaire alcoholsterfte = verongelukken in het verkeer omdat je te veel gedronken hebt ..................................... 12
Drugs ........................................................................................................................................................................ 13
3.2.3 Waarom beginnen mensen met het gebruik van potentieel verslavende stoffen? .................................... 13
3.2.4 Ongezond gedrag voortzetten en verslaving ............................................................................................. 13
3.2.5 Stopgedrag (zie ook H5) ................................................................................................................................ 13
3.2.6 Gedachten over behandeling van verslaving ................................................................................................ 13
3.3 Onbeschermd seksueel gedrag ........................................................................................................................ 13
3.3.1 Negatieve effecten van onveilig vrijen op de gezondheid ............................................................................... 13
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3.4 Ongezond voedingspatroon .............................................................................................................................. 14
3.4.1 Vetopname en cholesterol ......................................................................................................................... 14
3.5 Overgewicht ....................................................................................................................................................... 14
3.5.1 Hoe wordt overgewicht gedefinieerd? ........................................................................................................ 15
3.5.2 Negatieve gevolgen van overgewicht ........................................................................................................ 15
3.5.3 Oorzaken overgewicht ............................................................................................................................... 15
Roken ........................................................................................................................................................................... 15
De e-sigaret .................................................................................................................................................................. 16
H4 Gezond gedrag .................................................................................................................................................... 18
4.1 Compliantiegedrag ............................................................................................................................................ 18
4.1.1 Definitie ...................................................................................................................................................... 18
4.1.2 Zijn mensen therapietrouw? ....................................................................................................................... 18
4.1.3 Waarom volgen mensen medische aanbevelingen en behandelingen niet op? ....................................... 18
4.2 Gezonde voeding .............................................................................................................................................. 18
4.2.1 De gezondheidsvoordelen van het eten van groente en fruit .................................................................... 18
4.2.2 Aanbevelingen voor gezonde voeding ....................................................................................................... 19
4.2.3 Hoe gezond eten de Belgen?..................................................................................................................... 19
4.2.4 Ontstaan van voedselvoorkeuren .............................................................................................................. 19
4.3 Lichaamsbeweging ............................................................................................................................................ 19
4.3.1 Aanbevelingen voor lichaamsbeweging..................................................................................................... 19
4.3.2 Wat zijn de gunstige lichamelijke effecten van lichaamsbeweging ........................................................... 19
4.3.3 De psychologische voordelen van lichaamsbeweging .............................................................................. 19
4.3.4 Waarom sporten mensen? ......................................................................................................................... 19
4.4 Gezondheidsscreening (je laten nakijken) ........................................................................................................ 20
4.4.1 Screening op risicofactoren........................................................................................................................ 20
4.4.2 Ziekte detectiescreening ............................................................................................................................ 20
4.4.6 Deelname aan screeningsprogramma’s .................................................................................................... 20
4.5 Vaccinatie .......................................................................................................................................................... 20
H5 Modellen voor het voorspellen van gezondheidsgedrag ............................................................................... 21
5.1 Distale invloeden op gezondheidsgedrag ......................................................................................................... 21
5.1.1 Demografische invloeden ........................................................................................................................... 21
5.1.2 Persoonlijkheidskenmerken ....................................................................................................................... 21
5.1.3 Zelfbeschikkingstheorie .............................................................................................................................. 21
5.2 Modellen van gezondheidsgedrag ......................................................................................................................... 22
5.2.1 Attitudes (proximale factor) ........................................................................................................................ 22
5.2.2 Risico-inschatting en onrealistisch optimisme ........................................................................................... 22
5.2.3 Zelfeffectiviteit (self-efficacy) ...................................................................................................................... 22
5.3 Sociale en cognitieve modellen van gedragsverandering................................................................................. 23
5.3.2 Het health belief-model (goed kennen!) ..................................................................................................... 23
5.4 Modellen voor gefaseerde gedragsverandering................................................................................................ 23
5.4.1 Het transtheoretische model (TTM) of Stages Of Change Model (SOCM) ............................................... 23
H6 Gedragsverandering: mechanismen en methoden ......................................................................................... 24
6.1 Het ontwikkelen van interventies voor de volksgezondheid.............................................................................. 24
6.2 Strategieën om risicogedrag te veranderen ...................................................................................................... 25
6.2.1 Motiveren tot verandering .......................................................................................................................... 25
6.2.2 Gedrag veranderen .................................................................................................................................... 26
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6.2.3 De juiste toepassing ................................................................................................................................... 28
H7 Preventie van gezondheidsproblemen ............................................................................................................. 29
7.2 Het gebruik van massamedia ............................................................................................................................ 29
7.4 Programma’s voor gezondheidsbevordering .................................................................................................... 29
7.4.1 Interventieprogramma’s voor de gemeenschap ........................................................................................ 29
7.4.2 Het risico op hiv-infectie verminderen ........................................................................................................ 29
7.4.3 Gezondheidsbevordering op het werk ....................................................................................................... 29
7.4.4 Interventies op school ................................................................................................................................ 29
7.4.5 Werken met peers ...................................................................................................................................... 29
7.5 Het gebruik van nieuwe technologie ................................................................................................................. 30
H15 Pijn ........................................................................................................................................................................ 30
15.1 De pijnbeleving .................................................................................................................................................. 30
15.1.1 Typen pijn ................................................................................................................................................... 30
15.1.3 Prevalentie ................................................................................................................................................. 31
15.1.3 Leven met pijn ............................................................................................................................................ 31
15.2 Biologische modellen voor pijn .......................................................................................................................... 32
15.2.1 Pijn in afwezigheid van pijnreceptoren....................................................................................................... 32
15.2.2 Pijnreceptoren’ die geen pijn registreren ................................................................................................... 32
15.2.3 Invloed psychologische factoren op beleving van pijn ............................................................................... 32
15.3 Een psychobiologische theorie over pijn ........................................................................................................... 34
15.5 Mensen leren met pijn om te gaan .................................................................................................................... 35
15.5.1 Het meten van pijn ..................................................................................................................................... 35
15.5.2 Acute pijn .................................................................................................................................................... 36
15.5.2 Chronische pijn........................................................................................................................................... 36
15.5.4 Pijnklinieken ............................................................................................................................................... 37
H10 Stress, gezondheid en ziekte: theorie .............................................................................................................. 38
10.1 Concepten van stress ........................................................................................................................................ 38
10.1.1 Stress als reactie op een stimulus (= stressor) .......................................................................................... 38
10.1.2 Stress als een transactie ............................................................................................................................ 39
10.2 Typen stress ...................................................................................................................................................... 40
10.2.1 Acute stress ................................................................................................................................................ 40
10.2.2 Chronische stress....................................................................................................................................... 41
10.3 Stress als fysiologische reactie ......................................................................................................................... 42
10.4 Het verband tussen stress en ziekte ................................................................................................................. 43
10.4.1 De directe route .......................................................................................................................................... 43
10.4.2 De indirecte route ....................................................................................................................................... 43
10.4.3 Stress en verkoudheid ............................................................................................................................... 43
10.4.4 Stress en hart- en vaatziekten ................................................................................................................... 43
10.4.5 Stress en kanker ........................................................................................................................................ 43
10.4.6 Stress en darmaandoeningen .................................................................................................................... 43
10.4.7 Stress en hiv/aids ....................................................................................................................................... 43
H9 Slaap ..................................................................................................................................................................... 44
Definitie ......................................................................................................................................................................... 44
Slaaponderzoek............................................................................................................................................................ 45
Slaapstadia ................................................................................................................................................................... 46
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Slaapcyclus .................................................................................................................................................................. 47
Circadiane ritmen ......................................................................................................................................................... 47
Leeftijd: slaapbehoefte ................................................................................................................................................. 47
Slaapstoornissen .......................................................................................................................................................... 48
Slaapmiddelen .............................................................................................................................................................. 48
Begeleiding ................................................................................................................................................................... 49
Conclusie ...................................................................................................................................................................... 51
H10 CVS/ME (chronisch vermoeidheidssyndroom)................................................................................................ 51
Epidemiologie ............................................................................................................................................................... 51
Omschrijving ................................................................................................................................................................. 51
Symptomen .................................................................................................................................................................. 52
Etiologie ........................................................................................................................................................................ 52
(Differentiaal) Diagnose ................................................................................................................................................ 53
CVS diagnostiek = multidisciplinair .............................................................................................................................. 53
Behandeling .................................................................................................................................................................. 53
H11 E-health (gastles) ................................................................................................................................................ 55
Deel 1: E-mental health .......................................................................................................................................... 55
Deel 2: Wearables .................................................................................................................................................. 58
Praktijkvoorbeelden: informatie verzamelen & informatie geven ............................................................................. 59
Praktijkvoorbeelden interventies ............................................................................................................................... 60
Conclusie: Waarom wearables? ............................................................................................................................... 62
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