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Summary Comparison of Belgian and German Law

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This is an executive comparison between the law of two countries: Belgium and Germany.

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  • May 24, 2023
  • 9
  • 2019/2020
  • Summary
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N° Question Main aspect Definition Belgium Germany
1 Belgium is a Civil Law  Civil law jurisdiction consists of YES YES
civil law persuasive authority  Belgium is a civil law  The German civil code
jurisdiction  General rules are laid down/written down jurisdiction, as it is (BGB) is based on roman
in advance in statute based on the French law as well
 Deductive process of decision, based on code civil  The BGB consist of five
the general rules in codes (unlike common (Napoleonic Code) books with general
law, where the already decided cases are  Belgian constitution provisions and important
the base of decisions) is the highest legal rules which are applied
 Individual judges remain in the rule in the order, (similar to BE)
background main priority in
 BUT, there is a respect of prior decisions Belgian Civil Law
although it isn’t binding  It provides general
 Civil law is the oldest legal system rules and guidelines
(modern vision of roman law) which are applied to
 Core principles codified into a referable cases
system which works as a primary source of
law (e.g. BGB)
2 Belgium is a Constitutional  A state which has a constitution and is YES YES
constitutional system based on it  Belgium is based on  Germany is based on the
state (e.g. rule Rule of Law  Rule of law  quality label the Belgian Grungesetz (GG)
of law-system) System  Citizens as well as authorities are bound Constitution  The first article of it says:
by law, the constitution is the supreme rule  Arbitrariness by ‘Human dignity shall be
 Democratic development of the law, government is inviolable’
including participation by citizens, explicitly excluded in  So, it firmly roots all state
decision process Constitution institutions in the protection
 Free elections  Belgium has an of human rights
 Majority rule but certain guarantees for the existing independent  Rule of law is supreme
minorities judicial power
 Legal protection (by independent court
systems)
 Fundamental rights (covered by
constitution and international treaties)
3 Belgium has a Entrenchment  Entrenchment: verankerung YES YES
written and of  Constitution is firmly established and  Belgian constitution  The German Grungesetz

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, entrenched Constitution unlikely/difficult to change art.195 is an example (GG) has an eternity clause
constitution  Entrenched clause in constitution of an entrenched and is written
 Specific procedure to alter required constitution  ‘Any amendment would be
 Written constitution inadmissible’
too

4 In Belgium, the Separation of  ‘Gewaltenteilung’ YES YES
separation of power  Three branches of government  Belgian system has  German system has the
powers is the  Legislative (enacts law), executive the principle of three principle of three branches
guiding (enforces law) and judicial branch (applied branches  Further division
principle for law)  Power is spread  Executive: Bundespräsident
state governance  Each of them controls the others horizontal and Steinmeier +
vertically Bundesregierung (Merkel +
 Executive: council of Ministers)
ministers  Legislative: Bundestag
 Legislative: (Wahl durch Bürger) +
parliament Bundesrat (Länder)
 Judicial: courts  Judiciary:
Bundesverfassungsgericht

5 Belgium is a Parliamentary  Hereditary means that the crown is passed YES NO
hereditary, monarchy down from one member to another  Filip is King and  Dissolved in 1918
parliamentary member of the same royal family head  No monarchy anymore
monarchy  Parliamentary monarchy means that the  Belgium is a  No royal family
power of the monarch is limited by the hereditary,  Bundespräsident Steinmeier
constitution and that the parliament has the parliamentary is head of state
legislative branch monarchy
 King/Queen is the head of state  But the monarch is
governed by the
constitution

5bis The head of Ceremonial  President has only ceremonial duties YES YES
state’s role is role  Mainly symbolic  The Belgian King has  The Bundespräsident has a
merely  Head of state represents a country to the merely a symbolic symbolic function but can
ceremonial outside public but has no big power (or and ceremonial also take action (if the

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