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Uitgetypte samenvatting van de lessen gerechtelijke geneeskunde en criminalistiek
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1Gerechtelijke geneeskunde
Inhoudsopgave
HOOFDSTUK 1: INLEIDING GERECHTELIJKE GENEESKUNDE..............................................................11
HISTORIEK........................................................................................................................................11
DEFINITIE.........................................................................................................................................11
FORENSISCH MEDISCH ONDERZOEK = COMPLEX.........................................................................................11
TOEPASSINGSGEBIED: OPDRACHTEN........................................................................................................12
WETTELIJKE BRONNEN.........................................................................................................................12
PROCEDURE EN AANSTELLING VAN DESKUNDIGEN......................................................................................13
GEMEENRECHT = BURGERLIJK RECHT.......................................................................................................13
WAT IS EEN TEGENSPREKELIJKE PROCEDURE?............................................................................................14
HOOFDSTUK 2: TUSSENKOMST VAN DE ARTS BIJ EEN STERFGEVAL.................................................15
VASTSTELLING VAN OVERLIJDEN.............................................................................................................15
KLINISCHE AUTOPSIE...........................................................................................................................16
HOOFDSTUK 3: FORENSISCH POSTMORTEM ONDERZOEK...............................................................17
ONDERZOEK OP PLAATS DELICT.............................................................................................................17
ONDERZOEK IN DE AUTOPSIEZAAL..........................................................................................................17
HOOFDSTUK 4: DE FORENSISCHE AUTOPSIE (INWENDIGE SCHOUWING)........................................19
HOOFDSTUK 5: POST-MORTEM IDENTIFICATIE................................................................................20
WIE IS DE OVERLEDENE?......................................................................................................................20
MOEILIJKE IDENTIFICATIE.....................................................................................................................20
DE BASISPRINCIPES VAN EEN POST-MORTAAL IDENTIFICATIEPROCES...............................................................20
HOOFDSTUK 6: THANATOLOGIE......................................................................................................22
THANATOLOGIE.................................................................................................................................22
EERSTE VROEGTIJDIGE VERANDERINGEN NA DE DOOD:................................................................................23
PMI (POST-MORTEM INTERVAL)............................................................................................................25
ENTOMOLOGIE (= STUDIE VAN DE INSECTEN)............................................................................................26
POSTMORTALE KWETSUREN, ARTEFACTEN EN MUTILATIE.............................................................................26
,2
HOOFDSTUK 7: THANATO-ETIOLOGIE..............................................................................................27
A. ASFYXIE (= VERSTIKKINGSDOOD).......................................................................................................27
HOE WERKT DE BLOEDCIRCULATIE?........................................................................................................27
MECHANISCHE OORZAKEN (= SITUATIE WAARBIJ DAT DE ADEMHALING BELEMMERT W OP EEN MECHANISCHE MANIER)
.....................................................................................................................................................27
OORZAKEN VAN ASFYXIE......................................................................................................................28
SMORING: MECHANISCHE AFSLUITING VAN DE MOND EN NEUS, MET BEHULP VAN EEN ZACHT VOORWERP..............28
WURGING (MANUELE STRANGULATIE (THROTTLING) – MET BEHULP VAN HANDEN.............................................28
STRANGULATIE (MET BEHULP VAN SNOEREND VOORWERP)..........................................................................29
OPHANGING OF TOESNOERING DOOR EIGEN LICHAAMSGEWICHT (50% VAN ZELFDODINGEN)...............................29
TRAUMATISCHE ASFYXIE OF DOODDRUKKING............................................................................................30
NIET-MECHANISCHE OORZAKEN (= WAARBIJ ASFYXIE OP EEN ANDERE MANIER ONTSTAAT)..................................30
VERDRINKING (= WATERLIJK)................................................................................................................30
TOXISCHE GASSEN..............................................................................................................................31
B. DODELIJKE VERWONDINGEN.............................................................................................................32
SNIJ- EN STEEKWONDEN......................................................................................................................32
HET DOODSMECHANISME VAN DE STEEKWONDEN......................................................................................33
AARD VAN HET OVERLIJDEN BIJ STEEKWONDEN.........................................................................................34
SNIJWONDEN....................................................................................................................................34
HET DOODSMECHANISME VAN DE SNIJWONDEN........................................................................................34
AARD VAN HET OVERLIJDEN BIJ SNIJWONDEN...........................................................................................34
SCHOTWONDEN.................................................................................................................................34
INWENDIG ONDERZOEK VAN DE SCHOTWONDEN........................................................................................37
PERFORATIE VAN DE SCHEDEL...............................................................................................................37
DOODSMECHANISME..........................................................................................................................37
AARD VAN OVERLIJDEN.......................................................................................................................37
STOMPGEWELD.................................................................................................................................37
EEN SCHEDEL-HERSENLETSEL DOOR STOMP GEWELD...................................................................................38
DOODSMECHANISMEN:.......................................................................................................................39
AARD VAN OVERLIJDEN.......................................................................................................................39
C. FYSISCHE AGENTIA..........................................................................................................................40
HYPERTHERMIE (= OVERVERHITTING)......................................................................................................40
BRANDLIJK (=> MOEILIJK TE IDENTIFICEREN).............................................................................................41
VASTSTELLING OP HET LICHAAM............................................................................................................41
POST-MORTEM BRANDARTEFACTEN (BIJ CARBONISATIE) (***).....................................................................42
IS DE PERSOON TIJDENS EN DOOR DE BRAND OMGEKOMEN?........................................................................42
AARD VAN OVERLIJDEN.......................................................................................................................42
HYPOTHERMIE (= ONDERKOELING).........................................................................................................43
ELEKTROCUTIE...................................................................................................................................43
LIJKBEVINDINGEN...............................................................................................................................44
AARD VAN OVERLIJDEN.......................................................................................................................44
BLIKSEMINSLAG.................................................................................................................................44
,3
D. DODELIJKE INTOXICATIES.................................................................................................................44
HISTORIEK........................................................................................................................................44
INLEIDENDE BEGRIPPEN.......................................................................................................................45
A) TOXICOLOGIE................................................................................................................................45
VERSCHILLENDE SOORTEN STOFFEN KUNNEN TOT LETALE OF DODELIJKE INTOXICATIE LEIDEN................................46
KINETIEK: STAPPEN VAN INTOXICATIE......................................................................................................46
SCENE OF DEATH – AANWIJZINGEN DIE DOEN DENKEN AAN INTOXICATIE.........................................................46
DRUGS............................................................................................................................................47
ALCOHOL.........................................................................................................................................47
RICHTLIJNEN BIJ HET NEMEN VAN POSTMORTEM STALEN VOOR ANALYTISCH TOXICOLOGISCH ONDERZOEK...............47
INTERPRETATIE VAN TOXICOLOGISCHE RESULTATEN....................................................................................48
AARD VAN OVERLIJDEN.......................................................................................................................48
E. PLOTSELINGE EN ONVERWACHTE NATUURLIJKE DOOD.............................................................................48
1. VOLWASSENEN..............................................................................................................................49
CARDIOVASCULAIRE AANDOENINGEN (50-90%) – HART EN BLOEDVATEN.......................................................49
RESPIRATOIRE AANDOENINGEN (10-15%) - LONG.....................................................................................49
CEREBRALE AANDOENINGEN (5-10%) - HERSENEN....................................................................................50
ABDOMINALE AANDOENINGEN (5-10%) - MAAG......................................................................................50
2. KINDEREN.....................................................................................................................................50
SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME (SIDS) (WIEGENDOOD).......................................................................50
TRIPLE RISK MODEL............................................................................................................................50
PREVENTIEVE MAATREGELEN.................................................................................................................51
POSTMORTEM DIAGNOSE.....................................................................................................................51
HOOFDSTUK 8: FORENSISCHE KLINISCHE GENEESKUNDE................................................................52
1. KINDERMISHANDELING EN VERWAARLOZING.........................................................................................52
CHILD ABUSE.....................................................................................................................................52
RISICOFACTOREN...............................................................................................................................53
WETGEVING.....................................................................................................................................53
FORENSISCH PEDIATRISCH ONDERZOEK....................................................................................................53
ALARMBELLEN: OUDERGERELATEERD......................................................................................................53
ALARMBELLEN: FYSIEKE LETSELS.............................................................................................................54
FYSIEKE MISHANDELING: AARD VAN DE LETSELS.........................................................................................54
LETSELS DOOR STOMP GEWELD..............................................................................................................54
FRACTUREN BIJ KINDEREN....................................................................................................................54
NIET-ACCIDENTEEL HOOFDTRAUMA........................................................................................................55
BRANDWONDEN................................................................................................................................55
ANDERE WONDEN..............................................................................................................................55
FYSIEKE VERWAARLOZING....................................................................................................................55
GEVOLGEN VAN KINDERMISHANDELING...................................................................................................56
EMOTIONELE MISHANDELING................................................................................................................56
EMOTIONELE VERWAARLOZING..............................................................................................................56
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2. FYSIEK GEWELD BIJ VOLWASSENEN.....................................................................................................56
FYSIEK GEWELD.................................................................................................................................56
KWALIFICATIE VAN DE FEITEN................................................................................................................57
BATTERED WIVES - GAYFORD................................................................................................................57
ELDER ABUSE OF GRANNY BATTERING – BAKER/BURSTON...........................................................................57
3. SEKSUELE AGRESSIE.........................................................................................................................57
VERSCHILLENDE VORMEN.....................................................................................................................57
A) OPENBARE ZEDENSCHENNIS..............................................................................................................58
B) AANRANDING VAN DE EERBAARHEID...................................................................................................58
C) VERKRACHTING..............................................................................................................................58
MEDICO-LEGALE DOELSTELLINGEN VAN HET ONDERZOEK.............................................................................58
SEKSUELE AGRESSIE-SET.......................................................................................................................59
EXTRA-GENITALE LETSELS.....................................................................................................................59
ANOGENITALE LETSELS.........................................................................................................................59
SOA’S (-> LINK MET SEKSUEEL MISBRUIK)...............................................................................................60
HOOFDSTUK 9: SPERMA-ONDERZOEK.............................................................................................60
CRIMINALISTISCH BELANG....................................................................................................................60
ANATOMISCHE STRUCTUREN (DIE EEN BELANGRIJKE ROL SPELEN IN DE VORMING VAN HET ZAADVOCHT).................61
SAMENSTELLING VAN HET SPERMA.........................................................................................................61
AANTONEN VAN SPERMA.....................................................................................................................61
VAN WIE IS HET AANGETROFFEN SPERMA?...............................................................................................61
HOE LANG NA DE FEITEN KAN MEN SPERMA AANTONEN?............................................................................61
HOOFDSTUK 10: FORENSISCHE GENEESKUNDE EN VERKEER...........................................................62
A. ALCOHOL EN VERKEER.....................................................................................................................62
STRAFBAAR ALCOHOLGEHALTE IN BE......................................................................................................62
PRAKTIJKWERKING BIJ ALCOHOLCONTROLES..............................................................................................64
B. DRUGS EN VERKEER........................................................................................................................64
PRAKTIJKWERKING BIJ DRUGSCONTROLE..................................................................................................64
C. RIJGESCHIKTHEID............................................................................................................................65
HOOFDSTUK 11: FORENSISCHE SPORENONDERZOEK......................................................................65
FORENSISCHE DOELSTELLING.................................................................................................................65
BEWIJSVOERING................................................................................................................................66
GRONDSLAGEN..................................................................................................................................66
ZOEKEN NAAR EN ZICHTBAAR MAKEN VAN SPOREN....................................................................................67
BEWIJSKRACHT..................................................................................................................................68
BEWIJSWAARDE.................................................................................................................................68
,5
HOOFDSTUK 12A: GASTCOLLEGE - FORENSISCHE SPORENONDERZOEK...........................................69
DEFINITIE VAN EEN SPOOR...................................................................................................................69
ALGEMENE PRINCIPES.........................................................................................................................69
UNIEKHEID.......................................................................................................................................70
OPMERKING MET BETREKKING TOT PRINCIPES...........................................................................................70
WEG IS WEG.....................................................................................................................................70
KEUZES............................................................................................................................................70
WAT BEWIJZEN SPOREN?.....................................................................................................................70
BEWIJSKRACHT..................................................................................................................................71
BEWIJSWAARDE (IN DE CONTEXT VAN HET MISDRIJF)..................................................................................71
WIE DOET HET SPORENONDERZOEK........................................................................................................71
WIE ZIJN DE LTWP............................................................................................................................71
WAT DOEN DE LTWP.........................................................................................................................71
BELANG VAN DE AFSTAPPING VAN HET PLAATS DELICT................................................................................71
DOEL VAN DE AFSTAPPING (1)..............................................................................................................72
DOEL VAN DE AFSTAPPING (2)..............................................................................................................72
ONTSTAAN: HANS GROSS....................................................................................................................72
REDENEN (1)....................................................................................................................................73
BEGIN VAN CSM (CRIME SCENE MANAGEMENT).......................................................................................73
BE KOMT IN BEWEGING.......................................................................................................................73
DEFINITIE VAN AFSTAPPING..................................................................................................................73
IN PRAKTIJK: SCHEMATISCHE VOORSTELLING VAN AFSTAPPING......................................................................74
PLAATS DELICT..................................................................................................................................75
BASISPRINCIPES (1)............................................................................................................................75
PERIMETERS.....................................................................................................................................75
WETTELIJK KADER (BESTUURLIJK)...........................................................................................................76
TOTSTANDKOMING.............................................................................................................................76
IV. HET NIEUWE DNA-KB...................................................................................................................77
HFST III BEHEER PLAATS DER FEITEN, OVERTUIGINGSSTUKKEN, EN AANGETROFFEN SPOREN................................77
RISICO’S..........................................................................................................................................78
PROTOCOLAKKOORDEN.......................................................................................................................78
HOOFDSTUK 12B: GASTCOLLEGE - VINGERSPORENONDERZOEK......................................................79
POPULAIRE TECHNIEKEN VOOR INDIVIDUELE IDENTIFICATIE...........................................................................79
DOORSNEDE HUID AAN HANDPALMEN EN VOETZOLEN................................................................................79
DRIEDIMENSIONEEL LIJNENPATROON......................................................................................................80
CHRONOLOGIE POLITIONELE DACTYLOSCOPIE............................................................................................80
BERTILLONAGE VERSUS DACTYLOSCOPIE...................................................................................................80
GRONDSLAGEN DACTYLOSCOPIE (SIR FRANCIS GALTON)..............................................................................80
VIER BASISTYPES: 1STE NIVEAU...............................................................................................................80
DELTA’S BIJ LUSSEN EN CIRKELS.............................................................................................................81
,6
AANDUIDING TYPICA: 2DE NIVEAU.........................................................................................................81
PORIËN, LIJNDIKTE/VORM: 3DE NIVEAU....................................................................................................81
DACTYLOSCOPIE IN BE........................................................................................................................81
ADMINISTRATIEVE DACTYLOSCOPIE IN BE................................................................................................81
IDENTIFICATIEPROCEDURE: MOEILIJKE KEUZE.............................................................................................82
PRAKTISCHE DACTYLOSCOPIE IN BE........................................................................................................82
METHODES.......................................................................................................................................82
IN- EN AFDRUKSPOREN........................................................................................................................83
OREN..............................................................................................................................................83
OORSPOREN.....................................................................................................................................83
HOOFDSTUK 12C: GASTCOLLEGE - SCHOEISELSPOREN.....................................................................84
SCHOEISELSPOREN - ONTSTAAN.............................................................................................................84
BEWIJSWAARDE VAN SCHOEISELSPOREN..................................................................................................84
CONCLUSIES NA VERGELIJKINGEN...........................................................................................................85
ALGEMENE SLIJTAGE...........................................................................................................................85
KWALITEIT VAN EEN VOLLEDIG SCHOEISELSPOOR........................................................................................85
VOORBEELD......................................................................................................................................85
BANDSPOREN....................................................................................................................................85
WERKTUIGSPOREN.............................................................................................................................85
SOUCHE: DEELBARE MATERIE................................................................................................................86
HOOFDSTUK 13: GASTCOLLEGE - BLOEDPATROONANALYSE............................................................86
VOORBEELD: SAMUEL SHEPPARD – 1954................................................................................................86
BLOED IS EEN BIOLOGISCH SPOOR..........................................................................................................86
PRESUMPTIEVE TESTEN VOOR BLOED......................................................................................................87
BLOEDPATROONANALYSE – DEFINITIE.....................................................................................................87
BPA EN WETENSCHAP.........................................................................................................................87
BPA – DOEL.....................................................................................................................................87
INDICATIES OM BPA AAN TE VRAGEN.....................................................................................................87
BPA APPLICATIES...............................................................................................................................88
MOGELIJKHEDEN VAN DE BPA..............................................................................................................88
TYPE IMPACT....................................................................................................................................88
GEBIED VAN OORSPRONG (*)...............................................................................................................88
VISUALISEREN TRAJECTEN BLOEDDRUPPELS...............................................................................................89
POSITIEBEPALING VAN PERSONEN EN OBJECTEN (*)....................................................................................89
POSITIEBEPALING...............................................................................................................................89
MECHANISME (WAARDOOR BLOED KAN WORDEN GEËVACUEERD).................................................................89
HOE ZIJN BLOEDSPOREN OP OVERTUIGINGSSTUKKEN TERECHTGEKOMEN?........................................................89
TIJDSVERLOOP – RELATIEF DATEREN.......................................................................................................89
TIJDSVERLOOP – SEQUENTIËREN............................................................................................................90
,7
VARIATIE IN AANPAK..........................................................................................................................90
HOOFDSTUK 14: FORENSISCHE BALLISTIEK......................................................................................90
WANNEER WORDT EEN BALLISTISCH DESKUNDIGE INGESCHAKELD..................................................................90
WAT STAAT ER ZOALS IN EEN DESKUNDIGENRAPPORT BALLISTIEK..................................................................90
MOORD OP JOHN F. KENNEDY..............................................................................................................91
WAPENSYSTEMEN..............................................................................................................................91
TECHNISCH ONDERZOEK.......................................................................................................................91
DE WAPENWET VAN 8 JUNI 2006..........................................................................................................91
MUNITIE: SAMENSTELLING EN PERFORMANTIE..........................................................................................92
WAPENSYSTEMEN..............................................................................................................................92
BALLISTIEK........................................................................................................................................92
INWENDIGE BALLISTIEK........................................................................................................................92
EEN VUURWAPEN IS ZOALS EEN VERZAMELING WERKTUIGEN........................................................................93
EEN AANTAL FABRICATIEMETHODEN.......................................................................................................93
DE SPOREN EN HUN KARAKTERISTIEKEN...................................................................................................93
BALLISTISCHE SPOREN: KOGELS..............................................................................................................93
BALLISTISCHE SPOREN: HULZEN..............................................................................................................93
BALLISTISCHE SPOREN: SAMENVATTEND..................................................................................................94
REFERENTIEMATERIAAL........................................................................................................................94
VERGELIJKEND ONDERZOEK..................................................................................................................94
CRITERIA BIJ VERGELIJKEND ONDERZOEK..................................................................................................94
BESLUITVORMING..............................................................................................................................95
WAAROM EEN CONCLUSIESCHAAL?........................................................................................................95
NATIONALE BALLISTISCHE GEGEVENSBANK...............................................................................................96
EXTERNE BALLISTIEK............................................................................................................................96
GELUID............................................................................................................................................97
GYROSCOPISCHE STABILISATIE...............................................................................................................97
IN FORENSISCHE CONTEXT....................................................................................................................98
VISUALISATIE....................................................................................................................................98
TERMINALE BALLISTIEK........................................................................................................................98
AFKETSEN OF RICOCHET: DEFINITIE EN SCHEMA.........................................................................................99
IMPACTEN VAN AFGEKETSTE PROJECTIELEN...............................................................................................99
INTERACTIE KOGEL – GLAS..................................................................................................................100
SCHOOTSEQUENTIE...........................................................................................................................100
WONDBALLISTIEK.............................................................................................................................100
TYPES VAN WONDKANALEN................................................................................................................101
VORM EN GROOTTE VAN DE SCHOTVERWONDING....................................................................................101
HOOFDSTUK 15: GASTCOLLEGE - DNA...........................................................................................102
1. IDENTIFICATIE..............................................................................................................................102
,8
DNA VOOR IDENTIFICATIE VAN PERSONEN IN STRAFZAKEN – WETGEVING.....................................................103
CENTRALE ROL VAN FORENSISCH DNA-ONDERZOEK IN BEWIJSVOERING DOOR …............................................103
BASIS MOLECULAIRE BIOLOGIE.............................................................................................................103
FUNCTIONELE ORGANISATIE VAN DNA..................................................................................................104
DNA POLYMORFISMEN.....................................................................................................................105
OVERERVING VAN DNA....................................................................................................................105
NUTTIGE KENMERKEN VOOR FORENSISCHE TOEPASSING.............................................................................106
DNA-PROFILERING IN DE CRIMINALISTIEK..............................................................................................106
KERNDNA VERUS MITODNA VERSUS Y-CHROMOSOOM...........................................................................107
‘TOEKOMSTIGE’ ONDERZOEKEN...........................................................................................................107
OPDRACHTEN VOOR HET LABORATORIUM VOOR GENETISCHE IDENTIFICATIE..................................................107
DOEL VAN DNA-ANALYSES................................................................................................................107
HET DNA-ANALYSEPROCES................................................................................................................107
VERPAKKEN EN BEWAREN VAN OS.......................................................................................................108
REFERENTIEMATERIAAL: VERSCHILLENDE TYPES VAN STALEN.......................................................................108
SPOREN.........................................................................................................................................108
WELKE SPOREN ZIJN WEINIG BRUIKBAAR?..............................................................................................108
ZOEKEN NAAR SPOREN OP OVERTUIGINGSSTUKKEN..................................................................................109
GEBRUIK VAN DE POLILIGHT...............................................................................................................109
IDENTIFICATIE VAN BIOLOGISCHE SPOREN...............................................................................................109
PRELIMINAIRE TESTEN VOOR ONDERZOEK NAAR BLOED, SPERMA EN SPEEKSEL................................................109
STAALNAME VAN SPOREN..................................................................................................................110
OPSTELLEN VAN EEN NUCDNA-PROFIEL (STR).......................................................................................110
PCR: POLYMERISATION CHAIN REACTION..............................................................................................110
AMPLIFICATIE VAN STR.....................................................................................................................110
KERN DNA-PROFIEL.........................................................................................................................111
2. INTERPRETATIE VAN DNA-PROFIELEN................................................................................................112
WELKE INFORMATIE GEEFT EEN GENETISCH PROFIEL?................................................................................112
INTERPRETATIE VAN GENETISCHE PROFIELEN...........................................................................................113
PROBABILITEIT ENKELVOUDIG PROFIEL: IN WOORDEN................................................................................113
INTERPRETATIE VAN EEN MENGPROFIEL.................................................................................................113
SEKSUELE MISDRIJVEN.......................................................................................................................113
3. Y-CHROMOSOOM ANALYSE.............................................................................................................114
ANALYSE Y-CHROMOSOOM................................................................................................................114
CHROMOSOOM Y.............................................................................................................................114
MENGPROFIEL VROUW-MAN..............................................................................................................115
INTERPRETATIE Y-STR’S....................................................................................................................116
4. MITOCHONDRIAAL DNA-ANALYSE...................................................................................................116
MITOCHONDRIAAL VERSUS KERNDNA – GELIJKENISSEN............................................................................116
DNA IN DE MENSELIJKE CELLEN...........................................................................................................117
BELANGRIJK.................................................................................................................................117
DWARSDOORSNEDE VAN HOOFDHUID...................................................................................................118
IN DE CRIMINALISTIEK........................................................................................................................118
,9
5. DE NATIONALE DNA-DATABANKEN (DIS) (DNA INFORMATION SYSTEM).................................................119
WERKING VAN DIS..........................................................................................................................119
HOOFDSTUK 16: ODONTOLOGIE....................................................................................................119
FORENSISCHE ODONTOLOGIE...............................................................................................................119
TANDHEELKUNDIG EXPERT..................................................................................................................119
GERECHTELIJK EXPERT.......................................................................................................................120
ONDERVERDELING VAN DE FORENSISCHE ODONTOLOGIE............................................................................120
1. IDENTIFICATIE VAN ONBEKENDE PERSONEN.........................................................................................120
WANNEER WORDT DE FORENSISCH ODONTOLOOG INGESCHAKELD?..............................................................120
ALGEMENE PRINCIPES OMTRENT IDENTIFICATIE.......................................................................................120
WAARDE VAN DE ODONTOLOGISCHE IDENTIFICATIE..................................................................................120
IDENTIFICATIE TECHNIEKEN.................................................................................................................121
A. VERGELIJKENDE METHODEN............................................................................................................121
B. RECONSTRUCTIEVE METHODEN........................................................................................................122
MEDICO-LEGAAL BELANG...................................................................................................................122
WELKE TANDEN?.............................................................................................................................122
TYPE TAND?...................................................................................................................................122
RACIALE KARAKTERISTIEKEN................................................................................................................122
PERMANENTE OF MELKTAND?.............................................................................................................123
IDENTIFICATIE TECHNIEKEN.................................................................................................................123
TANDHEELKUNDIG DOSSIER (AM-GEGEVENS).........................................................................................123
POST MORTEM GEGEVENS..................................................................................................................123
STANDAARDPROCEDURE BIJ VERMISTE PERSONEN....................................................................................123
2. BEETSPOORANALYSE.....................................................................................................................123
MATERIAAL....................................................................................................................................123
BEETSPOREN...................................................................................................................................124
ANALYSE VAN BEETSPOOR..................................................................................................................124
PREVENT ABUSE AND NEGLECT THROUGH DENTAL AWARENESS..................................................................124
MOGELIJKE CONCLUSIES.....................................................................................................................124
WAARDE VAN BEETSPOORANALYSES.....................................................................................................124
3. LEEFTIJDSESTIMATIE......................................................................................................................124
DENTALE LEEFTIJDSESTIMATIE..............................................................................................................125
WELKE VRAGEN?.............................................................................................................................125
MULTIDISCIPLINAIR COLLEGE VAN EXPERTEN...........................................................................................125
TANDONTWIKKELING........................................................................................................................125
METHODIEK VAN DENTALE LEEFTIJDSBEPALING........................................................................................125
ADULTS.........................................................................................................................................125
BANG AND RAMM, 1970..................................................................................................................126
STATISTISCHE EVALUATIE VAN DE RESULTATEN........................................................................................126
MASSARAMPENPROCEDURES – HET DVI-TEAM.......................................................................................126
THE INTERPOL DVI FORMULIEREN........................................................................................................126
, 10
RECOVERY TEAM..............................................................................................................................126
MORTUARIUM TEAM........................................................................................................................126
TANDARTS IN MORTUARIUM TEAM......................................................................................................127
RECONCILIATIE/IDENTIFICATIE TEAM.....................................................................................................127
4. DNA-PROFILERING UIT TANDMATERIAAL...........................................................................................127
5. CRANIO-FACIALE RECONSTRUCTIE.....................................................................................................127
6. DENTALE ANTROPOLOGIE...............................................................................................................127
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