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TEC Applied Science Unit 4 Assignment C - Aspirin
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BTEC Applied Science Unit 4 Assignment C - Making Aspirin DISTINCTION
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AspirinIntroduction:
Aspirin
Aspirin is a medication used to reduce swelling and fever, as well as moderate mild pain, from
conditions like common cold, muscle aches toothaches etc. Aspirin is also known as an NSAID, which
is a non-steroid anti-inflammation drug. Contains the medicinal properties of acetylsalicylic acid,
known for millennia. Due to contain acid it therefore has side effects such as the irritation of the
stomach and intestines linings, conditions of excess stomach acid secretion, nausea vomiting and
more. Some other uses of aspirin could be as a blood thinner, which also raises risk factors of
dangerous, heavy bleeding.
Thomas Maclagan, a Dundee physician, utilised silicon to treat rheumatism patients, and he
published his findings in The Lancet in 1876. Felix Hoffman, a German scientist who worked for
Bayer, successfully modified salicylic acid to produce acetylsalicylic acid, which was given the name
aspirin, in 1897.
Aspirin is also known as acetylsalicylic acid, which has a molecular structure which looks like -->
it contains a benzene; which is the hexagon, a phenol; the double bond of
oxygen and a single bond of hydroxide, while the remaining part is the ester.
Raw Materials
Corn starch and water are added to the active ingredient (acetylsalicylic acid) to function as a
binding agent and filler, as well as a lubricant, in the production of hard aspirin tablets. Binding
agents help keep the tablets together, while fillers (diluents) provide heft to the tablets, so they are
the right size. The lubricant is applied in two stages: during mixing and after the tablets have been
crushed. The lubricant prevents the mixture from sticking to the equipment. Hydrogenated
vegetable oil, stearic acid, talc, and aluminium stearate are all possible lubricants. Scientists have
spent a lot of time and effort trying to find the best efficient lubricant for difficult aspirin tablets.
Diluents including mannitol, lactose, sorbitol, sucrose, and inositol are used in chewable aspirin pills
to help the tablet dissolve faster and give the medicine a pleasing flavour. Chewable tablets also
contain flavouring compounds such as saccharin and colouring additives.
http://www.madehow.com/Volume-1/Aspirin.html
How aspirin is made - production process, manufacture, history, used, parts, procedure, steps, product (madehow.com)
Manufacturing of aspirin
'Organic solids' refers to substances that include carbon among several other components. Because
carbon is such a broad molecule, a wide range of materials can validly be classified as "organic."
, Organic solids are soft and have low melting temperatures, as well as weak electrical conductivity.
Organic solids are existing organic chemicals as solid, at room temperature. The purity of an organic
solid could be evaluated in part by measuring its melting point and compare it with the melting point
of this compound recorded in the data notebook. Another technique to test the purity of an organic
solid, like aspirin, is through thin-layer chromatography. Because they can be regulated extremely
precisely and require very small amounts of substance, chromatography techniques are widely used
in industry. Thin-layer chromatography is a strong method for determining the identity of two
substances. On a chromatography plate, a spot of the chemical under investigation is placed next to
a spot of a pure produced sample of the same substance. The plate is then placed in a suitable
solvent and allowed to go up the plate. It is plausible to conclude that the compound to be identified
leaves exactly the same pattern on the chromatography plate as the known pure compound. If
additional spots appear alongside the known compound's distinctive pattern, impurities are most
likely present in the sample. Both crude and recrystallized aspirin samples are contrasted to a known
aspirin sample in the aspirin investigation. https://www.liskeard.cornwall.sch.uk/images/Liskeard-Sixth-Form/Aspirin-Selection.pdf
The chemical industry is made up of companies that produce industrial chemicals. It turns basic
materials, for example oil, natural gas, air, water, metals, and minerals, into over 70,000 various
products, making it a vital part of the economic system. Industrial processes are procedures that use
chemical, physical, electrical, or mechanical steps to assist in the production of a product or products
on a big scale.
The main methodology in an industry is to combine ethanoic acid, toluene and 2 hydroxybenzoic
acid into a reactor, then add water, cooling water, filter, wash the sediments, dry, filter, package,
and make aspirin.
Aspirin pills come in a variety of forms and sizes. Aspirin is produced using a reactor, acetic acid,
salicylic acid, and an acetic anhydride to undertake the synthesis. Depending on the dosage, their
weight, size, thickness, and hardness may vary. The tablets' upper and lower surfaces can be flat,
round, concave, or convex in varying degrees. A line may be carved through the centre of the outer
surface of the tablets, allowing them to be broken in two if desired. To identify the manufacturer,
the tablets may be engraved with a symbol or lettering. (“An In Tablet Components Extraction Purification Analgesic ...”)
Difference between laboratory and industrial manufacture and testing of an organic solid
In an industry, Aspirin is made in a batch process at a factory. This occurs when the reactants are
supplied to the reactor and the reaction is restarted from the beginning, rather than continuing in a
loop or cycle. This development is closely observed, then at the conclusion of the reaction, the
reactor is emptied. Following that, the resultant combination is separated and purified. For small
batches of goods, this method is appropriate. Whereas in a lab, the production procedure is carried
out in a continuous manner. This process is also known as continuous flow process or continuous
production, because the materials being processed, whether dry bulk or liquid, are constantly in
motion, experiencing chemical reactions, or undergoing mechanical or heat treatment. Continuous
processing is known to contrast with batch production, as the continuum typically involves, as
continuous generally implies functioning 24 hours a day, seven days a week, with only semi-annual
or yearly maintenance shutdowns. Continuous production - Wikipedia
Moreover, another difference between the Laboratory and industrial manufacture, is the scale
difference. Because in the laboratory, one just need enough to conduct an experiment, the
laboratory scale is tiny. Furthermore, laboratories do not usually have the resources to generate
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