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Samenvatting WSRT Deeltentamen III - Artikelen + Syllabus
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Uitgebreide samenvatting van WSRT Artikelen Syllabus (deeltentamen III)
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Lord (1953) – ‘On the Statistical Treatment of Football Numbers’In dit verhaal, geschetst door Lord, wordt professor x, die gek is op getallen, gevraagd om de
rugnummers te verdelen onder de footbal spelers (nominale data). Na een tijdje komen de spelers
uit de onderbouw klagen omdat zij lagere nummers krijgen. Professor x is helemaal van zijn apropos,
wat moet hij nou met deze data? Hij kan hier toch zeker geen standaard deviaties van berekenen en
een T-toets uitvoeren, de data zijn per slot van rekening nominaal! Hij besluit de statisticus om hulp
te vragen. De statisticus komt langs en kiest er doodleuk voor een t-toets uit te voeren en de
standaard deviaties te berekenen. ‘Kijk, zegt hij, het gemiddelde van de oudere spelers ligt inderdaad
boven de 50’ (nummers gaan van 1 tot 99). En dan een van de beroemdste stukken uit de
geschiedenis van de methodologie:
"But you can't multiply 'football numbers,"" the
professor wailed. "Why, they aren't even ordinal numbers,
like test scores."
"The numbers don't know that," said the statistician.
"Since the numbers don't remember where they came
from, they always behave just the same way, regardless."
The professor gasped.
"Now the 1,600 'football numbers' the freshmen
bought have a mean of 50.3," the statistician continued.
"When I divide the difference between population
and sample means by the population standard
deviation. . . ."
"Divide!" moaned the professor.
". . . And then multiply by Vli600, I find a critical
ratio of 10," the statistician went on, ignoring the interruption.
"Now, if your population of 'football numbers'
had happened to have a normal frequency distribution,
I would be able rigorously to assure you that
the sample of 1,600 obtained by the freshmen could
have arisen from random sampling only once in. 65,-
618,050,000,000,000,000,000 times; for in this case these
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