Exam (elaborations)
ACSM Personal Trainer Certification Exam Review 2023
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ACSM Personal Trainer Certification Exam Review 2023
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ACSM Personal Trainer Certification Exam Review 2022/2023pretest considerations for healh appraisal - ANSWER-systematic approach in screening clients for:
signs and symptoms, family history, risk factors for disease
informed consent - ANSWER-an agreement to do or allow something to occur, made with an awareness of relevant facts, including: procedures, risks, benefits, limitations, and discomforts
-legal and ethical document
-often paired with release of liability form
Par-Q - ANSWER-used for screening
Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire
minimal standard for moderate intensity exercise
7 questions; if answered "yes" to any question, then require to get medical release form from healthcare provider
physician referral - ANSWER-safeguard for high risk clients who may compromise health with exercise without medically trained staff -physician's name, stating diagnosis, and exercise perscription
risk stratification - ANSWER-assigns individuals to low, medium, or high risk based on presence of conditions
ACSM risk stratification matrix - ANSWER-makes recommendations based upon low, moderate, or high risk clients
positive risk factors - ANSWER-family history of disease
cigarette smoking
hypertension
hyercholesterolemia/dyslipidemia
impaired fasting glucose
obesity
sedentary lifestyle
family history of disease - ANSWER-myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, or sudden death before age 55 in males and 65 females (1st degree relatives)
cigarette smoking - ANSWER-currently smoking or quit withing 6 months, or exposed to 2nd hand smoke over 6 months hypertension - ANSWER-clients currently taking antihypertensive medication and/or confirmed (2 separate occasions) 140/90 BP or higher
hypercholesterolemia/dyslipdemia - ANSWER-clients currently taking lipid lowering medication and/or those with total serum cholesterol >200 mg/dL, or high density lipoprotein cholesterols of 0.35 mg/dL
impaired fasting glucose - ANSWER-fasting blood glucose > or equal to 110 mg/dL (2 separate measurements)
obesity - ANSWER-BMI > or equal mg/m^2 or waist girth exceeding approximately 39.4 inches
sedentary lifestyle - ANSWER-those not meeting recommended amount of physical activity (at least 30 minutes of physical activity at a moderate intensity 40-60%, at least 3 days a week for at least 3 months)
negative risk factors - ANSWER-high serum HDL cholesterol: >60 mg/dL
emerging risk factors - ANSWER-inflammatory markers: reactive C protein (CRP) and fibrinogen
low risk - ANSWER-men <45, women <55, asymptomatic, with 1 or less risk factors
A) current medical examination and exercise testing prior participation- not necessary for moderate or vigorous exercise
B) physician supervision of exercise tests- not necessary for submax or maximal tests
moderate risk - ANSWER-men >45, women >55, or those who meet the threshold for 2 or more risk factors
A) current medical examination and exercise testing prior participation- not necessary for moderate but recommended for vigorous exercise
B) physician supervision of exercise tests- not necessary for submax but recommended for maximal tests
high risk - ANSWER-1 or more signs and symptoms listed or a known cardiovascular, pulmonary, or metabolic disease
A) current medical examination and exercise testing prior participation- recommended for moderate or vigorous exercise
B) physician supervision of exercise tests- recommended for submax or maximal tests
exercise testing steps - ANSWER-M.R.I.P.L.
medical history
risk factor assessment
interpreting the data (cardio endurance, muscle strength/endurance, flexibility, body comp)
prescribing exercise program lifestyle counseling
stress test - ANSWER-usually only recommended by physician if the client has symptoms of coronary artery disease, or significant risk factors for CAD
do NOT do vigorous exercise with: - ANSWER-clients with diagnosed or present cardio diseases, congenital abnormalities, and/or hereditary abnormalities:
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
coronary arter abnormalities
aortic stenossi
signs/symptoms of cardiovascular and pulmonary disease - ANSWER--pain, discomfort,
distress in areas that may be due to ischemia (chest, neck, jaw, arms, etc.)
-shortness of breath at rest or mild exertion
-dizziness or syncope
-edema, especially ankle
-tachycardia, or other arrhythmic occurrences (known heart murmur)
-orthopnea or paroxysmal dyspnea
-intermittent claudication
-unusual fatigue or shortness of breath with ADLs
ischemia - ANSWER-an inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body, especially the heart muscles.
-can result in heart attack, can by silent
intermediate condition of CAD
edema - ANSWER-puffy swelling of tissue from the accumulation of fluid
-common in arms, hands, legs, ankles, and feet, face, abdomen
*symptoms:* swelling of tissue directly under skin, stretched or shiny skin, skin that pits after being pressed, increased abdominal size
-remove salt from clients diet may help with swelling
-can be sign of underlying disease (heart failure, kidney disease, cirrhosis of liver etc.)
orthopnea - ANSWER-ability to breathe only in an upright position
-difficulty breathing in supine position
-usually indicative of left ventricular dysfunction
paroxysmal dyspnea - ANSWER-sudden, recurring episode of difficult breathing
-asthma
angina - ANSWER-heart pain
-insufficient supply off blood
*symptoms:* chest pain/discomfort, pain in neck shoulder back arms or jaw, nausea, fatigue, sweating, shortness of breath, anxiety, dizziness
stable angina - ANSWER-most common type occurring with exertion and going away with rest
can be triggered by mental or emotional stress
could feel like indigestion and spread to arms, back, or other areas
unstable angina - ANSWER-*medical emergency*
occurs even at rest and usually more severe and longer lasting (as long as 30 minutes)
-may signal heart attack!!!
arrhythmias - ANSWER-abnormal heart rhythm:
-tachycardia
-bradycardia
-atrial fibrillation
-ventricular ectopic beats (VEB
tachycardia - ANSWER-very fast heart rate
sinus: >100 bpm
atrial: >100 bpm with narrow QRS complex, w/ P waves originating not from sinus node
ventricular: potentially life threateing, >100 bpm, with at least 3 irregular heartbeats in a row (ventricular fibrillation, asystole, or death)
bradycardia - ANSWER-unusually slow heart rate (less than 60 bpm)
atrial fibrillation (A-fib) - ANSWER-irregular heart rhythm
-continuous rapid firing of atrial foci
-no P waves
-does not completely depolariaze
-series or erratic tiny spikes
ventricular ectopic beats (VEB) - ANSWER-heartbeat arising from an abnormal focus. Called premature beats (before next schedule heart beat) or escape beats (later than next scheduled heart beat)
dyspnea - ANSWER-shortness of breath (SOB). difficult or uncomfortable breathing experienced subjectively. can occur at rest or be cause by exertion
exertion cause dyspnea - ANSWER-suggests presence of cariopulmonary disorders (especially left ventrifular dysfunction or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)
-tachypnea
-hyperventilation
-hyperpnea
tachypnea - ANSWER-increase in respiratory rate above normal
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