BHCS Past paper Questions with Complete Solutions

BHCS Past paper Questions with Complete Solutions what is lymph? - ANSWER drains from tissues into lymphatic vessels what are the Fc regions of an immunoglobulin responsible for? - ANSWER mast cell binding activation of complement cascade the ability of immunoglobulins to cross the placenta to crystallise during cold storage which cytokine is associated with the differentiation of Thelper subset associated with cell mediated immunity? - ANSWER IL-12 what is the first line of defense against micro-organisms in the digestive tract? - ANSWER lysozyme what is the function of the spleen? - ANSWER specialised to filter blood give two secondary lymphatic organs? - ANSWER spleen and lymph nodes which bacterial species evades the innate immunity via resistance to complement activation? - ANSWER neisseria meningitidis which molecular interaction is not essential for the activation of Th cells? - ANSWER MHC I-CD8 describe cellular immunity - ANSWER developing t cells that bind too weakly or too strongly to self MHC molecules in the thymus are deleted by apoptosis what is humoral immunity? - ANSWER principle defence against extracellular microbes what immmunoglobulins are expressed in naive mature B cells? - ANSWER IgM and IgD what helminths are not classified under platyhelminths? - ANSWER nematode what agar was used to enumerate yeast cells? - ANSWER malt extract agar what is not part of the normal microflora? - ANSWER viruses an intestinal bacterium which adheres to its host and causes minor damage, competes with its host for nutrients but is the sole supplier of an essential growth factor to the host. what symbiotic relationship is this? - ANSWER mutualism what best describes complement in immune function? - ANSWER complement mediates its effect via opsonisation, bacterial lysis and inflammation which cytokine effector functions belong to the innate immune response to pathogen infection? - ANSWER Il-1 beta activation of acute phase protein production by the liver initiation of the inflammatory response interferons are utilised in anti-viral responses