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PREPARATION QUESTIONS OF FINAL EXAMS PHILOSOPHY
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Preparation Questions of final exams1. Philosophical analyzes: Plato: “Myth about cave”?
Introduction:
The "Myth of the Cave" by Plato is a well-known allegory in which prisoners are chained
inside a cave, unable to see anything except the shadows cast on the wall in front of them.
Main idea:
Plato's allegory highlights the difference between knowledge gained through sensory
perception and true knowledge attained through philosophical reasoning. It emphasizes the
importance of education and critical thinking, urging us to question the reality we perceive
through our senses and seek a deeper understanding of the world.
Examples:
The myth remains relevant today in a world where information can be manipulated and
distorted. By questioning the information presented to us and seeking out diverse
perspectives, we can avoid being trapped in our own intellectual caves.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, Plato's "Myth of the Cave" serves as a reminder of the importance of education
and critical thinking in our lives. By doing so, we can avoid being trapped in our own
intellectual caves and achieve true knowledge.
2. Main idea of Aristotle: “The Nicomachean Ethics”?
Introduction:
Aristotle's "Nicomachean Ethics" is one of the most influential works in the history of
philosophy. It is a collection of lectures delivered by Aristotle to his students on the topic of
ethics and morality.
Main idea:
The main idea of "Nicomachean Ethics" is to provide a framework for living a virtuous and
fulfilling life. Aristotle argues that the ultimate goal of human life is eudaimonia, or happiness,
which he defines as a state of flourishing achieved through the cultivation of virtues. He
,believes that virtues are developed through habit and practice, and that they are essential for
living a fulfilling life.
Examples:
Aristotle's ideas on ethics have had a significant impact on philosophy and other fields, such
as psychology and education. For example, his emphasis on the importance of habit and
practice has influenced modern theories of learning and behavior.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, Aristotle's "Nicomachean Ethics" presents a compelling framework for living a
virtuous and fulfilling life. His ideas on the cultivation of virtues through habit and practice
have had a lasting impact on philosophy and other fields, and continue to be relevant today.
3. Philosophical analyzes: Mashkhur Zhusup Kopeiuly “Experience gained by life”
(Xal axualy)?
Introduction:
Mashkhur Zhusup Kopeiuly was a prominent Kazakh philosopher and thinker of the 20th
century. He is known for his contributions to the development of Kazakh philosophy,
particularly in the field of axiology. One of his notable works is "Experience gained by life"
(Xal axualy), which explores the nature of human experience and its significance in shaping
our worldview.
Basic ideas:
In "Experience gained by life," Mashkhur Zhusup Kopeiuly emphasizes the importance of
experience in our lives. He argues that experience is a fundamental part of human existence
and plays a crucial role in shaping our perception of reality. Kopeiuly suggests that our
experiences are not only individual but also collective, meaning that they are shaped by our
interactions with others and the world around us. He also stresses the importance of reflection
and self-awareness in understanding and making sense of our experiences.
In my opinion/Examples:
I believe that Kopeiuly's ideas about the importance of experience are particularly relevant in
today's world, where people are constantly bombarded with information and experiences. It is
essential to take time to reflect on our experiences and consider how they shape our worldview.
For example, someone who has experienced discrimination or prejudice may have a different
,perspective on the world than someone who has not. Similarly, someone who has traveled
extensively may have a broader understanding of different cultures and ways of life.
Conclusion:
Overall, Mashkhur Zhusup Kopeiuly's "Experience gained by life" provides valuable insights
into the nature of human experience and its role in shaping our worldview. His emphasis on
the importance of reflection and self-awareness is especially relevant in today's fast-paced
world, where it is easy to become overwhelmed by the sheer volume of experiences and
information.
4. Philosophical analyzes: Al-Farabi Al-Madina al-fadila - The Ideas of the Citizens in
the Virtuous City?
Introduction:
Al-Farabi's "Al-Madina al-fadila" is a seminal work in Islamic political philosophy. In this
work, Al-Farabi presents his idealized vision of a virtuous city.
Main idea:
One of the central ideas of Al-Farabi's "Al-Madina al-fadila" is the importance of the ideas of
citizens in the virtuous city. Al-Farabi believed that a virtuous city is one where citizens are
knowledgeable, informed, and actively engaged in political life. He believed that the ideas of
citizens must be taken into account when making political decisions and that the best rulers are
those who are receptive to the ideas of the people.
Examples:
Al-Farabi's ideas on the importance of citizen participation in politics have influenced Islamic
political thought and continue to be relevant today. For example, his ideas have been cited as
a source of inspiration for modern-day Islamic democracies such as Indonesia.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, Al-Farabi's "Al-Madina al-fadila" provides a vision of an idealized virtuous city
where citizens are knowledgeable and actively engaged in political life. His ideas on the
importance of citizen participation in politics continue to be influential in Islamic political
thought and beyond.
, 5. Philosophical analyzes: Koja Achmet Yassawi: “Diuani xikmet” philosophy?
Introduction:
Koja Achmet Yassawi was a 12th-century Turkish poet and mystic who is best known for his
work "Diuani xikmet," which translates to "The Collection of Wisdom."
Main idea:
The main idea of "Diuani xikmet" is to provide a framework for achieving spiritual
enlightenment through the practice of self-reflection and contemplation. Yassawi emphasizes
the importance of inner wisdom and the need for individuals to strive towards self-
improvement.
Examples:
Yassawi's ideas on self-reflection and inner wisdom have had a lasting impact on Turkish and
Central Asian culture. His work has been influential in Sufi mysticism and continues to be
studied and revered by scholars and practitioners of Islamic mysticism.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, Koja Achmet Yassawi's "Diuani xikmet" presents a compelling framework for
achieving spiritual enlightenment through the practice of self-reflection and inner wisdom. His
work has had a significant impact on Turkish and Central Asian culture and continues to be an
important source of inspiration for scholars and practitioners of Islamic mysticism.
6. Philosophical analyzes: Zhusuip Balasagun: “Kutty bilik”?
Introduction:
Zhusuip Balasagun was an 11th-century Karakhanid philosopher and poet who is best known
for his work "Kutadgu Bilig," which translates to "The Wisdom of Royal Glory."
Main idea:
The main idea of "Kutadgu Bilig" is to provide a comprehensive guide for living a virtuous life
based on Islamic principles. Balasagun emphasizes the importance of self-improvement and
the cultivation of virtues such as honesty, compassion, and humility. He believes that
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