An in-depth analysis and description of first-year content, including references and detailed information into cyber-violence, cyber-pornography, the CJA, the exposure theory, the internet and crime, recording and reporting crime, victimisation, the 'ideal victim', crime mapping, the cultivation th...
Always 1 key reading for seminars – use module handbook or ASPIRE
Study Skills Assessment 10%
1,500 word essay 40% (essay question will be based on gender, race or crime)
1 hour exam 50% in January (will be given past papers etc)
Does crime exist or is it socially constructed?
Theorists = Functionalism, Maxist and Ladeling
Crime is dominated by those in power that enforce the law eg cannabis.
OR
Crime exists as it is a function of society eg abortion laws.
Durkheim – Crime is important and healthy to evolve; we need shared values and produce a
collective conscience (laws) for society to function. Punishment is the consequence for breaking
these laws. This is normal social life, we know it exists. Crime causes society to become collective
and strengthen.
1. Crime committed
2. Change/social reform (evolve)
3. Become collective again (strengthen social cohesion).
IPP sentence for reoffenders (was abolished in 2011).
Marxist Perspective (Karl Marx)
Inequalities is reinforced and reproduced by capitalism.
Link between economic status and crimes.
Chambliss
Crime sustains inequalities – it is committed by EVERYONE
BUT the law targets and monitors poor communities which helps sustain the difference in
class.
Are sentences lenient depending upon the individual?
Labelling Theories
Crime is not inheritably deviant but those actions are criminalised based on other’s reactions.
Becker – we need to focus on the response of others.
We all have autonomy, but agents regulate and control our behaviour.
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