(Updated) Pathology USMLE step 1 Quiz Study Guide | Latest 2023/2024

(Updated) Pathology USMLE step 1 Quiz Study Guide | Latest 2023/2024 Anticentromere antibodies --Scleroderma (CREST) Antidesmoglein (epithelial) antibodies --Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering) Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies --Goodpasture's syndrome (glomerulonehpritis and hemoptysis) Antihistone antibodies --Drug-induced SLE (hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide) Anti-IgG antibodies --Rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity) Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs) --Primary biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal hypertension) Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) --Vasculitis (c-ANCA: Wegener's; pANCA: microscopic polyangiitis, Churg-Strauss syndrome) Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA) --SLE (type III hypersensitivity) Antiplatelet antibodies --Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) Anti-topoisomerase antibodies --Diffuse systemic scleroderma Anti-transglutamniase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies --Celiac disease (diarrhea, distension, weight loss) "Apple core" lesion on abdominal x-ray --Colorectal cancer (usually left-sided) Azurophilic granular needles in leukemic blasts --Auer rods (acute myelogenous leukemia, especially the promyelocytic [M3] type) Bacitracin response --Sensitive: Streptocococcus pyogenes (group A) Resistant: Streptococcus agalactiae (group B) "Bamboo spine" on x-ray --Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLAB27) Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs --Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen) Basophilic stippling of RBCs --Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia Bloddy tap on LP --Subarachnoid hemorrhage "Boot-shaped" heart on x-ray --Tetralogy of Fallot, RVH Branching gram-positive rods with sulfur granules --Actinomyces israelii Bronchogenic apical lung tumor --Pancoast tumor (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner's syndrome) "Brown" tumor of bone --Hemorrhage (hemosiderin) causes brown color of osteolytic cysts. Due to: 1. Hyperparathyroidism 2. Osteitis fibrosa cystica Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy --Chagas' disease (Trypanosoma cruzi) Cellular crescents in Bowman's capsule --Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis "Chocolate cyst" of ovary --Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries) Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils --Homer Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma) Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs --Cystic fibrosis (AR mutation to CFTR resulting in fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs) Decreased alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum --Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormality Degeneration of dorsal column nerves --Tabes dorsalis (tertiary syphilis) Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra --Parkinson's disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting, tremor, bradykinesia) Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum --Curschmann's spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs) Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophili