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Samenvatting Embryologie en Teratologie
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Cursus Embryologie en Teratologie2022-2023
,PAGE 1
,Inhoud
1 Inleiding ................................................................................................................................... 8
1.1 Morfologische verschijnselen .......................................................................................... 8
1.2 Embryonale periodes........................................................................................................ 9
2 De voortplanting en bevruchting ............................................................................................ 9
2.1 Gametogenese ................................................................................................................. 10
2.1.1 Spermatogenese ....................................................................................................... 10
2.1.2 Vrouwelijk geslachtsstelsel...................................................................................... 14
2.1.3 Ovogenese en folliculogenese in ovarium .............................................................. 15
2.1.4 Apoptose van gonocyten in het ovarium ................................................................ 18
2.2 De bevruchting ................................................................................................................ 18
2.2.1 Interne of externe bevruchting ............................................................................... 18
2.2.2 Penetratie zaadcel .................................................................................................... 18
2.2.3 Vorming zygote........................................................................................................ 19
2.2.4 Pathologie bevruchting ........................................................................................... 19
3 Klieving en blastulatie ............................................................................................................ 23
3.1 Delaminatie speciesverschillen .......................................................................................24
3.2 Abnormale klieving ......................................................................................................... 25
4 Gastrulatie ............................................................................................................................... 27
4.1 Driebladige kiemschijf en primitieve streep .................................................................. 27
4.2 Vorming van het notochord ...........................................................................................29
4.3 Ontstaan van de lichaamsassen en de rol van het notochord ....................................... 30
4.4 Pathologie van de gastrulatie .......................................................................................... 32
5 Neurulatie en primitieve lichaamsvorm ................................................................................ 34
5.1 Neurulatie ........................................................................................................................ 34
5.1.1 Pathologie neurulatie .............................................................................................. 37
5.2 Differentiatie mesoderm ................................................................................................. 38
5.2.1 Paraxiaal mesoderm.................................................................................................39
5.2.2 Intermediair mesoderm.......................................................................................... 40
5.2.3 Laterale plaatmesoderm .......................................................................................... 41
6 Scheiding lichaamsholtes ...................................................................................................... 44
6.1 Evolutie laterale plaat mesoderm abdomen.................................................................. 44
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, 6.2 Evolutie laterale plaat mesoderm thorax .......................................................................45
6.3 Ontwikkeling diafragma ................................................................................................ 48
6.3.1 Pathologie van het diafragma................................................................................. 49
7 Placentatie ............................................................................................................................... 51
7.1 Functie Vruchtvliezen ..................................................................................................... 51
7.2 Bescherming en voeding van het embryo ...................................................................... 51
7.3 Uterus en menstruele/oestrische cyclus ........................................................................ 51
7.4 Implantatie ...................................................................................................................... 53
7.4.1 Differentiatie van de trofoblast ...............................................................................54
7.4.2 Soorten implantatie ................................................................................................. 55
7.4.3 Pathologie van de implantatie ................................................................................ 55
7.5 Placenta............................................................................................................................56
7.5.1 Functies van de placenta .........................................................................................56
7.5.2 Grondplan van de placenta .....................................................................................56
7.5.3 Chorionvlokken ....................................................................................................... 57
7.5.4 Types placentae ....................................................................................................... 57
7.5.5 Pathologie van de placenta......................................................................................59
7.6 Embryonale aanhangsels.................................................................................................59
7.6.1 Chorion ....................................................................................................................59
7.6.2 Amnion.....................................................................................................................59
7.6.3 Navelblaasje ............................................................................................................ 60
7.6.4 Allantoïs .................................................................................................................. 60
7.7 Navelstreng ..................................................................................................................... 60
8 Ontwikkeling gastro-intestinaal stelsel ................................................................................. 61
8.1 Primitieve lichaamsvorm ................................................................................................ 61
8.2 Eerste ontwikkelingsstadia ............................................................................................. 61
8.2.1 Kieuwbogen .............................................................................................................65
8.3 Ontwikkeling organen ....................................................................................................70
8.3.1 Mondholte en farynx ...............................................................................................70
8.3.2 Wangen .................................................................................................................... 73
8.3.3 Tanden en lippen ..................................................................................................... 73
8.3.4 Gehemelte ................................................................................................................74
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