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PBL310 Summary - Study Unit 1-4
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Foundations, Administrative Action, Requirements of Administrative Justice, Sources of Administrative Law
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FOUNDATIONSAdministrative law
Body of legal rules regulation performance of administrative action to ensure it
achieves administrative justice
- Admin action = public power exercised in the day-to-day running of the state.
Admin justice = when admin action is exercised in a way that is lawful, reasonable,
fair
- Judicial review is used to achieve admin justice
> Courts scrutinize admin action to see if it conforms with right to admin
action.
Admin law concerns 2 elements of admin action
1. Authorization of admin action (empowerment)
> Admin law empowers public admin to do good for the public.
2. Regulation of admin action (accountability)
> Admin law holds public admin accountable by placing limits on the
decision-making abilities and ensures just admin action.
> Admin action must comply with s33(1) and (2) of Constitution.
Sources regulating public power
S1 Constitution
- United Democratic movement
> Founds values in s1 inform the constitution’s interpretation, other laws and
sets the standard which all laws must comply with.
S32 of Constitution
- Everyone has the right of access to
> Any info held by the state that is required for the exercise or protection of
any rights.
PAIA
,- S32 Constitution and PAIA impose a duty on public admin to provide access to
information held by it and to be transparent in the exercise of power.
S33 Constitution
- S33(1) = right to admin action which is lawful, reasonable and procedurally fair.
- S33(2) = people’s whose rights have been adversely affected by admin action
has the right to written reasons.
PAJA
- S33 of Constitution and PAJA require public admin to be transparent and
accountable in exercise public power
> Gives effect to right of admin justice.
S195 Constitution
- Democratic values must be considered by public admin in the performance of its
functions.
Public power in terms of admin law
Public power is
- Power exercised in day-to-day running of the country.
- Power exercised by private bodies whose autonomy is restricted by state
involvement and control.
- Power that is unequal and exercised coercively.
Exercise of admin action and the rule of law
S1(c) Constitution
- The rule of law is a foundational value in the Constitution and informs the
interpretation of the right to admin action (s33 Constitution).
The exercise of public power is subject to the rule of law – everyone is subjected to
the law and is equal under it
- Decisions of public admin must be clear, accessible consistently applied and
must protect the right to admin action.
- Public admin should be open and transparent regarding decision-making.
, - People aggrieved by actions of public administration must have access to justice.
Admin law and separation of powers
Doctrine of separation of powers – legislature, judiciary and executive have their own
powers with functional independence that exist between them (s43 Constitution)
- There is no absolute separation of powers.
Legislature
Makes laws and exercises parliamentary oversight of executive conduct
- Legislature acts as a watch dog over the exercise of executive authority and
holds them accountable for conduct.
Executive branch
Formulate policy (executive power)
- Performed by the highest-ranking executive officials.
- Agenda/policy setting for the state.
- Executive implements laws and administers policies – this is public admin
Implementing and administering laws passed by legislature and orders decisions
issued by the judiciary (admin power)
- Lower ranking individuals implement laws and policies.
- Conduct must comply with admin law.
- Less discretion than executive power.
Role of judiciary
Interpret and apply law
- Ensure the exercise of power by the other branches are within constitutional
bounds.
- Exercise deference and judicial review.
Admin law and social justice
An aim of admin law is to achieve social justice
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