A2 Unit G544 - Approaches and Research Methods in Psychology
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A-Level Psychology Research Methods Class Notes Summary (OCR)
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A2 Unit G544 - Approaches and Research Methods in Psychology
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OCR
Summarised class notes for Research Methods for A-Level Psychology (OCR) students.
I got an A in Psychology using these notes!
Topics include:
1. Experiments (methods, terminology, designs)
2. Hypothesis
3. Types of data (quantitative, qualitative, primary, secondary)
4. Observations (natural...
A2 Unit G544 - Approaches and Research Methods in Psychology
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A-Level Psychology
Research Methods
,Experiments (terminology)
• Experiment – test to see the effect of one variable on another
• Independent variable (IV) – variable being manipulated or changed
• Dependant variable (DV) – variable being measured (to see the effect of the IV)
• Extraneous variable – unexpected variable that changes the results
• Participant variables – these are the individual differences between participants which might affect or confoun
(ruin or confuse) the results of an experiment
• The most obvious participants that need to be controlled are: age, gender, ethnicity, socio economic stat
social class, IQ
• Situational variables – these are factors that are in the environment that may affect or confound the results of
experiment (time of day, noise, distraction)
• Standardisation – keeping the test conditions the same for all the participants
• Randomisation – when participants are allocated to the experimental condition randomly (e.g. toss of a coin)
,Experimental methods
• Laboratory experiment - take place in a tightly controlled environment or artificial setting (e.g
lab)
• Strength – high control of extraneous variables
• Field experiment – take place in a real life setting
• Strength – High in ecological value
• Quasi experiment – are ones where the IV is naturally occurring (e.g. age or gender) or the
researcher cannot manipulate it (e.g. occupation)
, Terminology
• Operationalise – to make something measurable
• Ecological validity – the ecological validity of a study means that the methods
materials and setting of the study must be similar to the real world that is bein
examined by the study.
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