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2.7C samenvatting orthopedagogiek

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Samenvatting van 2.7C: Orthopedagogiek: stoornissen bij kinderen. Probleem 1 tot en met 7 uitgewerkt per leerdoel. Bronnen worden vermeldt. Inhoudsopgave zit erbij

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  • May 31, 2023
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  • 2022/2023
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Structuuropzetten blok 2.7: orthopedagogiek



Inhoudsopgave
...................................................................................................................................................................... 3

Probleem 1: persoonlijkheidsstoornis............................................................................................................ 4

L1: wat is het verschil tussen temperament en persoonlijkheid?.....................................................................4
Prins......................................................................................................................................................................4
L2: wanneer spreek je van een Persoonlijkheidsstoornis?...................................................................................6
Kennisclip..............................................................................................................................................................6

L3: hoe wordt een stoornis/gedragsprobleem vastgesteld?.............................................................................7

L4: wat is de relatie tussen psychopathologie en persoonlijkheid?..................................................................8
Prins......................................................................................................................................................................8
Pauw en mervielde...............................................................................................................................................9
Shiner en caspi......................................................................................................................................................9

Probleem 2: ADHD....................................................................................................................................... 11

L1: wat is ADHD, wat zijn de kenmerken van ADHD?.....................................................................................11
Kennisclip ADHD deel 1......................................................................................................................................11
Kennisclip ADHD deel 2......................................................................................................................................12
Verhulst H11 blz 226 (digitaal 328)....................................................................................................................13
Prins handboek Klinische ontwikkeling H12 (dig. 287-308)...............................................................................13

L2: wat zijn de oorzaken van ADHD?............................................................................................................. 13
Prins (287-308)...................................................................................................................................................13
Wicks-Nelson (2015)..........................................................................................................................................14
Barkley aandachtsmodel (gecombineerde ADHD type) = multifaced model.....................................................14

L3 hoe kun je ADHD diagnosticeren?............................................................................................................ 16
Prins....................................................................................................................................................................16
Wicks-Nelson (2015)..........................................................................................................................................17
Verhulst..............................................................................................................................................................17

L4 hoe kun je ADHD behandelen?................................................................................................................. 17
Wicks-Nelson......................................................................................................................................................18
Jensen (2007).....................................................................................................................................................18
Verhulst..............................................................................................................................................................18

Probleem 3: ODD/CD................................................................................................................................... 20

, L1: Wat zijn de criteria/kenmerken van externaliserende gedragsproblemen..................................................21
(specifiek ODD/CD)............................................................................................................................................21
Kennisclip – ODD/CD..........................................................................................................................................21
Verhulst H12.......................................................................................................................................................23
L2: Wat zijn mogelijke oorzaken en/of verklaringen voor deze externaliserende gedragsproblemen?............23
Prins....................................................................................................................................................................23
Wicks-Nelson......................................................................................................................................................26
L3: Hoe kun je ODD/CD diagnosticeren?............................................................................................................26
Verhulst H12.......................................................................................................................................................26
Wicks-Nelson......................................................................................................................................................27
Prins....................................................................................................................................................................27
L4: hoe kun je deze externaliserende gedragsproblemen behandelen?............................................................27

Probleem 4: autismespectrumstoornis......................................................................................................... 29
L1: wat is autisme, wat zijn de kenmerken van autisme?..................................................................................29
Kennisclip autisme deel 1: DSM-5 criteria..........................................................................................................29
Kennisclip autisme deel 2: beloop stroonis, bijkomende problemen, prevalentie, comorbiditeit......................30
L2: wat zijn de oorzaken en/of verklaringen voor autisme?..............................................................................31
Prins....................................................................................................................................................................32
L3: hoe kun je autisme diagnosticeren?.............................................................................................................32
Prins....................................................................................................................................................................32
L4: hoe kun je autisme behandelen?..................................................................................................................33
Prins....................................................................................................................................................................33
Wicks & Nelson...................................................................................................................................................35

Probleem 5 – leerstoornissen (dyslexie en dyscalculie).................................................................................36
L1: wat zijn leerstoornissen (dyslexie/dyscalculie)?...........................................................................................36
Kennisclip leerstoornissen deel 1 DSM criteria dyslexie en dyscalculie..............................................................36
Kennisclip deel 2 prevalentie, geslachtsverschillen, comorbiditeit en verloop..................................................38
Ghesquiere, 2011...............................................................................................................................................38
Verhulst..............................................................................................................................................................39
L2: hoe zijn dyslexie en dyscalculie te verklaren? Automatiseren......................................................................39
Ghesquiere.........................................................................................................................................................39
Wicks & Nelson...................................................................................................................................................40
Verhulst..............................................................................................................................................................41
Prins....................................................................................................................................................................41
L3: hoe kun je leerstoornissen diagnosticeren?..................................................................................................42
Protocol..............................................................................................................................................................42
L4: Hoe kun je leerstoornissen behandelen?......................................................................................................43
Ghesquiere.........................................................................................................................................................43

, Wicks & Nelson...................................................................................................................................................43

Probleem 6: stemmingsstoornissen.............................................................................................................. 44
L1: Wat zijn criteria/kenmerken van depressie en andere stemmingsstoornissen?..........................................44
Kennisclip stemmingsstoornissen deel 1 (DSM-criteria algemeen, depressie en bipolair)................................44
Kennisclip stemmingsstoornissen deel 2 (prevalentie, beloop/prognose, differentiaal diagnose en
comorbiditeit + rol SES)......................................................................................................................................46

L2: Wat zijn mogelijke oorzaken en verklaringen voor stemmingsstoornissen?..............................................47
L3: wat zijn verschillen tussen jongens en meisjes in verklaringen voor stemmingsstoornissen? Mezulis........50
Verhulst..............................................................................................................................................................52
L4: welke interventies zijn er voor deze problemen?..........................................................................................52

Probleem 7: Angststoornissen...................................................................................................................... 55
L1: Wat zijn kenmerken van angststoornissen (soorten)?..................................................................................55
Wat is angst?......................................................................................................................................................55
Wanneer is angst problematisch?......................................................................................................................55
Welke subtypen zijn er? (overeenkomsten/verschillen).....................................................................................56
Kennisclip 2.........................................................................................................................................................56
Kennisclip 3.........................................................................................................................................................57
Leerdoel 2: wat zijn de oorzaken van een angststoornis?..................................................................................58
Leerdoel 3: hoe wordt het gediagnosticeerd?....................................................................................................61
Leerdoel 4: hoe wordt het behandeld?..............................................................................................................61

, Probleem 1: persoonlijkheidsstoornis

L1: wat is het verschil tussen temperament en persoonlijkheid?
Prins
Temperament
 Aangeboren/genetisch
 Vroeg in ontwikkeling aanwezig
 Consistent in verschillende situ’s
 Voorloper van uiteindelijke persoonlijkheid (klassieke benadering)

Persoonlijkheid
 Vloeit voort uit temperament, te zien in volwassenheid (klassieke opvatting)
 Minder genetische basis, komt later tot uiting


Theorieën/modellen temperament
1. Gedragsstijlen benadering (Thomas en Chess)
Persoonlijkheidsontwikkeling: interactie tussen temperamentfactoren en omgeving ,
hiermee aandacht voor de individuele verschillen bij het kind

 9 categorieën

 3 soorten persoonlijkheidseigenschappen (temperament)
 Gemakkelijke kind: positieve stemming
 Moeilijk kind: negatieve stemming
 Traag-op-gang-komende kind: negatieve gemoedsstemming

Kritiek: op methode, getest op 144 baby’s, maar gebaseerd op 22 kids



2. Kritische benadering/ Criteriale benadering (Buss en Plomin)
 Temparament ontwikkeling voorloper op volwassen persoonlijkheid
- Terugkoppeling klassieke benadering
 Meer gebaseerd op volwassenen
 5 criteria
 4 dimensies



3. Psychobiologische benadering (Rothbart)
 Psychobiologische processen bepalen het temperament in de vorm van zelf-
regulatie en reactiviteit (reactie op prikkel)
 3 dimensies temperament
- Negative affect
- Surgency
- Effortful control


4. Goldsmith en Campos

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