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Summary Unstable angina/MI

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Notes to help ARU students for their 2nd year clinical speaking exam, MOD - Recognising and responding to deteriorating adult patient. These notes can also be accessed by non ARU students. Notes explain: ABCDE process specific for Unstable angina/MI Pathophysiology of Unstable angina/MI Si...

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  • June 1, 2023
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Recognising and responding to the deteriorating adult patient.

Preparation document: Unstable angina/MI

, Discuss your Assessment, interventions and communication using ABCDE. (LO 1-2)
Tips: You should discuss normal and abnormal symptoms, a calculation of a NEWS and
aggregate score to identify the severity of acute illness and priorities of care.

 Check area is safe, introduce myself (name and role), interact with patient (ask how the
patient is feeling), wash hands and wear PPE. Gain consent to treat and examine. Ensure
patient’s notes, observation and drug chat is easily accessible. Ask for another clinical
member of staff to assist if possible.
NEWS
Airway Assessment: Intervention:
Is airway patent and Assess the patient
maintained? If airway is not patent, open the airway using head-tilt chin-
Can the patient lift manoeuvre. If suspected significant trauma with
speak? potential spinal involvement, perform a jaw-thrust instead.
Are there added Look for anything obstructing airway.
noises? Get airway adjuncts ready, Guedel (Unconscious) or NPA
Is there a see-sawing (Partly/fully conscious)
movement of the Reposition: If cardiac instability then lie flat with legs
chest and abdomen? elevated, if no cardiac involvement then in semi fowlers (30°
head-of-bed elevation)
Begin with 15litre of oxygen using non-rebreathe mask
(Crash call and CPR if no consciousness and no signs of life,
at any time)
Breathing Assessment: Intervention:
Look listen and feel Review RR, may be tachypnoeic in an attempt to increase
myocardial tissue oxygenation
RR? (12-20bpm = Regularly monitor spo2. Once in normal range, litre of
normal) oxygen can be reassessed to avoid co2 overdose
Tachypnoea Auscultate chest, coarse crackles are a common finding,
(>22bpm) or suggesting pulmonary oedema due to impaired cardia
Bradypnea function
(<12bpm)? (The Royal Percuss the chest to identify areas of dullness
College of Physicians, Assess for bilateral movement to confirm regularity and
2017) rhythm of breathing
(Crash call and CPR if no consciousness and no signs of life,
Spo2? (94-98% = at any time)
normal or 88-92% if
co2 retention)
Hypoxia (<92%)?

Is breathing
laboured? (Using
accessory muscles)
Circulation Assessment: I Intervention:
HR? (51-90bpm = Monitor HR and BP
normal) Tachycardia Insert 2 wide bore intravenous cannulas (14G or 16G)
(>100bpm) or Urgent fluid resus: 250ml bolus 0.9% Sodium chloride over
Bradycardia less than 15mins and then reassess. Repeat administration
(<60bpm)? (British of fluid boluses up to 4x (2000ml) and then reassess for
Heart Foundation, fluid overdose (National Institute For Health And Care
2022) Excellence, 2017)
For NSTEMI and unstable angina to prevent blood clots and
BP? (90/60 – 120/80 heart attack: Administer 300mg Aspirin and 300mg
= normal, for over Clopidogrel oral (BNF) To improve cardiac perfusion:

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