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Summary Psychology 213 - Personology
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Summary of class notes and added information from the textbook on personology in the field of psychology.
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PSYCHOLOGY 2132021
STELLENBOSCH UNIVERSITY
Page | 1
,Contents
Chapter 1: Personology .......................................................................................................... 8
Personology and the everyday knowledge of human nature ................................................. 8
Definitions and key concepts ................................................................................................. 8
Person................................................................................................................................. 9
Personality.......................................................................................................................... 9
Related concepts ................................................................................................................ 9
Variety of opinions about personality .................................................................................... 9
Personism ........................................................................................................................... 9
Situationalism .................................................................................................................... 9
Interactionalism................................................................................................................ 10
Chapter 2: Historical overview of psychological thinking ...................................................... 11
Philosophical assumptions ................................................................................................... 11
Methodological approaches ................................................................................................. 11
Fathers of psychology .......................................................................................................... 11
Natural science v human science ......................................................................................... 11
Chapter 3: The psychoanalytical theory of Sigmund Freud .................................................... 12
Background .......................................................................................................................... 12
How did Freud’s own life experience, and the social and scientific contexts of his time,
influence his theoretical thinking? ................................................................................... 12
The view of the person underlying the theory ..................................................................... 13
Psychological conflict ...................................................................................................... 13
Biological and psychic determination .............................................................................. 13
Mechanistic assumption ................................................................................................... 13
The structure of the personality ........................................................................................... 13
Levels of consciousness ................................................................................................... 14
The id ............................................................................................................................... 15
Page | 2
, The ego............................................................................................................................. 15
Superego .......................................................................................................................... 16
The dynamics of personality ................................................................................................ 17
General characteristics of drives ...................................................................................... 17
Types of drives ................................................................................................................. 18
How do sexual drives and the death drive function psychologically? ............................. 18
Defence Mechanisms ........................................................................................................... 20
Repression and resistance ................................................................................................ 20
Projection ......................................................................................................................... 20
Reaction formation........................................................................................................... 20
Rationalisation ................................................................................................................. 21
Displacement and sublimation ......................................................................................... 21
Fixation and regression .................................................................................................... 21
Identification .................................................................................................................... 22
Parapraxes ............................................................................................................................ 22
The development of personality........................................................................................... 22
Oral stage ......................................................................................................................... 23
Anal stage......................................................................................................................... 24
Phallic stage ..................................................................................................................... 24
Latent stage ...................................................................................................................... 25
Genital stage..................................................................................................................... 25
Chapter 4: The analytical theory of Carl Jung ......................................................................... 27
Mindmap .............................................................................................................................. 27
Background .......................................................................................................................... 27
View of the person underlying the theory............................................................................ 28
Structure of personality ........................................................................................................ 29
The consciousness (Ego).................................................................................................. 29
Page | 3
, Personal unconscious ....................................................................................................... 30
Collective unconscious .................................................................................................... 30
Archetypes ........................................................................................................................... 30
Persona ............................................................................................................................. 30
Anima and animus ........................................................................................................... 30
Shadow............................................................................................................................. 31
Self ................................................................................................................................... 31
Dynamics of personality ...................................................................................................... 32
Humans as energy systems .............................................................................................. 32
Attitudes of the psyche..................................................................................................... 32
Functions of the psyche ................................................................................................... 33
Personality types that develop from combining and handling attitudes and functions.... 33
Development of the personality ........................................................................................... 34
Individuation .................................................................................................................... 34
Transcendent .................................................................................................................... 34
Optimal development of the personality .............................................................................. 34
Chapter 5: The Individual psychology of Alfred Adler ........................................................... 36
Background .......................................................................................................................... 36
What was the nature of the relationship between Adler and Freud? ............................... 36
Why did Adler call his approach ‘Individual Psychology’ .............................................. 36
Is there only one way to understand Adler’s theory and does his theory belong to depth
psychology? ..................................................................................................................... 36
The view of the person underlying the theory ..................................................................... 37
Structure of the personality .................................................................................................. 38
Constitutional attributes ................................................................................................... 38
Social environment .......................................................................................................... 38
Creative self ..................................................................................................................... 38
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