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Samenvatting Diversiteit
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Samenvatting Diversiteit ()
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DIVERSITEITHoofdstuk Titel #
Hoofdstuk 1 Theoretische beschouwingen A 6
Hoofdstuk 2 Theoretische beschouwingen B 8
Hoofdstuk 3 Gender 5
Hoofdstuk 4 Armoede 9
Hoofdstuk 5 Meertaligheid 4
Hoofdstuk 6 TOPOI 6
Hoofdstuk 7 Functiebeperking 5
Hoofdstuk 8 Religie 7
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,Theoretische beschouwing A.......................................................................................................................... 6
1. ALGEMENE THEORIE............................................................................................................................................6
1.1 Cultuur........................................................................................................................................................6
1.1.1 Visies (3)............................................................................................................................................................. 6
A. Essentialistisch....................................................................................................................................................6
B. Contextualistisch................................................................................................................................................6
C. Constructivistisch................................................................................................................................................7
D. Gebruik en misbruik...........................................................................................................................................7
1.1.2 Cultuur voor de psychologisch consulent...........................................................................................................7
1.2 Sociaal kapitaal – Bourdieu en Putnam.....................................................................................................7
1.2.1 Bourdieu............................................................................................................................................................. 8
A. Soorten kapitaal (5)............................................................................................................................................8
B. Habitus............................................................................................................................................................... 8
C. Doxa....................................................................................................................................................................8
1.2.2 Nan Lin: waarom werkt sociaal kapitaal?............................................................................................................8
A. Informatiestroom...............................................................................................................................................8
B. Invloed................................................................................................................................................................8
C. Sociale accreditatie.............................................................................................................................................9
D. Bekrachtiging van je sociale identiteit................................................................................................................9
1.2.3 Engbersen: waarom werkt sociaal kapitaal niet?................................................................................................9
1.2.4 Bonding, bridging en linking sociaal kapitaal......................................................................................................9
1.2.5 Sociaal kapitaal voor de psychologisch consulent...............................................................................................9
2. ONTSTAAN VAN EEN DIVERSE SAMENLEVING...........................................................................................................10
2.1 Wat is migratie?.......................................................................................................................................10
2.1.1 Vormen van migratie (3)...................................................................................................................................10
2.2 Migratie naar België: geschiedenis..........................................................................................................10
2.2.1 Gastarbeiders...................................................................................................................................................10
2.2.2 Dekolonisering van Belgisch Congo..................................................................................................................11
2.2.3 Eind jaren ’80 – begin jaren ‘90........................................................................................................................11
2.2.4 Globalisering: geschiedenis...............................................................................................................................11
2.2.5 Globalisering: effect op migratie.......................................................................................................................11
2.2.6 21e eeuw........................................................................................................................................................... 11
Theoretische beschouwing B........................................................................................................................ 12
1. WAT GEBEURT ER IN DE SAMENLEVING HIER?.........................................................................................................12
1.1 Emancipatiebewegingen..........................................................................................................................12
1.1.1 Feminisme........................................................................................................................................................ 12
1.1.2 De LHBTQ beweging........................................................................................................................................12
1.2 Acculturatie..............................................................................................................................................13
1.3 Perspectieven op diversiteit.....................................................................................................................13
1.3.1 Neo-assimilatie.................................................................................................................................................13
1.3.2 Multi-culturalisme............................................................................................................................................13
1.3.3 Liberaal egalitarisme.........................................................................................................................................13
1.3.4 Diversiteit......................................................................................................................................................... 14
1.3.5 Superdiversiteit................................................................................................................................................14
A. Immigratiestromen...........................................................................................................................................14
B. Land van herkomst...........................................................................................................................................14
C. Talen................................................................................................................................................................. 14
D. Religie............................................................................................................................................................... 15
E. Migratiekanalen en immigratiestatus...............................................................................................................15
F. Geslacht............................................................................................................................................................ 15
G. Leeftijd:............................................................................................................................................................ 15
H. Geografische spreiding.....................................................................................................................................15
I. Transnationalisme en transmigratie..................................................................................................................16
J. Belangrijk voor PC..............................................................................................................................................16
1.3.6 Interculturalisme..............................................................................................................................................16
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, 1.3.7 Intersectionalisme............................................................................................................................................16
A. De intersectionele analyse................................................................................................................................16
B. Intersectioneel denken (kruispuntdenken).......................................................................................................17
C. Invloed van machtsverhoudingen.....................................................................................................................17
D. Belangrijk voor PC.............................................................................................................................................17
1.3.8 Anti-racisme......................................................................................................................................................17
1.3.9 Postkolonialisme...............................................................................................................................................18
1.4 Beleid inburgering en integratie..............................................................................................................18
Gender........................................................................................................................................................ 19
1. RELEVANTIE..................................................................................................................................................... 19
2. GESCHIEDENIS..................................................................................................................................................19
2.1 Wereldwijd voor de 19e eeuw..................................................................................................................19
2.2 Tot 19e eeuw.............................................................................................................................................19
2.3 Begin 20e eeuw en WOII...........................................................................................................................19
2.4 Geschiedenis Europa – België...................................................................................................................20
3. WAT IS GENDER?..............................................................................................................................................20
3.1 Bestanddelen van gender: de genderkoek (4).........................................................................................20
3.1.1 Identiteit........................................................................................................................................................... 20
3.1.2 Geslacht............................................................................................................................................................ 21
A. Wat als: transgender........................................................................................................................................21
B. Wat als: de wereld............................................................................................................................................21
3.1.3 Expressie........................................................................................................................................................... 21
3.1.4 Aantrekking......................................................................................................................................................22
4. LINK GENDER INTERSECTIONALITEIT.......................................................................................................................22
5. COMING-OUT EN COMING-IN?............................................................................................................................22
5.1 Coming-in.................................................................................................................................................22
5.2 Coming-out...............................................................................................................................................23
6. VEILIGHEID EN SOCIALE ACCEPTATIE......................................................................................................................23
6.1 Hoe veilig is je organisatie of school?......................................................................................................23
7. BELANGRIJK VOOR DE PC: TIPS............................................................................................................................23
Kansarmoede............................................................................................................................................... 25
1. INLEIDING........................................................................................................................................................25
2. WAT IS ARMOEDE?...........................................................................................................................................25
2.1 Arm? Ze hebben toch een GSM, TV …......................................................................................................26
3. PERSOONLIJKE EN SOCIALE IMPACT VAN ARMOEDE..................................................................................................26
3.1 Armoede beïnvloedt je denkvermogen....................................................................................................26
3.2 Armoede kent een binnen- en buitenkant................................................................................................27
3.3 Armoede leidt tot … (5)............................................................................................................................27
3.4 Armoede tast psychologische basisnoden aan........................................................................................28
4. METEN VAN ARMOEDE EN ENKELE CIJFERS.............................................................................................................28
4.1 Waarom armoede meten?.......................................................................................................................28
4.2 Europese indicator voor armoede of sociale uitsluiting...........................................................................28
4.2.1 Armoederisicograad (AROP).............................................................................................................................28
4.2.2 Ernstige materiële deprivatie............................................................................................................................29
4.2.3 Zeer lage werkintensiteit..................................................................................................................................29
4.2.4 België op twaalfde plaats in Europa..................................................................................................................29
4.2.5 Voorbij de percentages.....................................................................................................................................29
4.2.6 Voor- en nadelen van AROPE............................................................................................................................30
4.3 Referentiebudgetten................................................................................................................................30
4.3.1 Voor- en nadelen van referentiebudgetten......................................................................................................31
5. HOE ARMOEDE DOORBREKEN?............................................................................................................................31
5.1 Verklaringsmodel van armoede...............................................................................................................31
5.1.1 Persoonlijke tekorten.......................................................................................................................................31
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, 5.1.2 Persoonlijke ongevallen....................................................................................................................................31
5.1.3 Conjuctureel model..........................................................................................................................................31
5.1.4 Structureel model.............................................................................................................................................32
5.2 Soorten beleid (2).....................................................................................................................................32
5.2.1 Flankerend beleid.............................................................................................................................................32
5.2.2 Structureel beleid.............................................................................................................................................32
5.3 De rol van de hulpverlener.......................................................................................................................32
5.3.1 Belang van vroeg ingrijpen...............................................................................................................................32
5.3.2 Generalistische aanpak.....................................................................................................................................33
5.3.3 Krachtengerichte benadering...........................................................................................................................33
Meertaligheid.............................................................................................................................................. 34
1. WAT IS MEERTALIGHEID?...................................................................................................................................34
1.1 Definities van meertaligheid....................................................................................................................34
1.2 Meertaligheid in cijfers.............................................................................................................................34
2. VORMEN VAN MEERTALIGHEID............................................................................................................................34
2.1 Randvoorwaarden (3)..............................................................................................................................34
2.2 Vormen van meertaligheid.......................................................................................................................34
2.2.1 Simultane meertaligheid...................................................................................................................................35
2.2.2 Successieve meertaligheid................................................................................................................................35
2.3 L1 ondersteunt L2.....................................................................................................................................36
2.4 Gevaar voor taalverlies............................................................................................................................36
3. MEERTALIGHEID, EEN TROEF?..............................................................................................................................36
3.1 Diversiteit op de werkvloer.......................................................................................................................36
3.2 Discriminatie op de huurmarkt................................................................................................................36
3.3 Meertaligheid in het hoger onderwijs......................................................................................................37
3.4 Leidt meertaligheid tot cognitieve voordelen?........................................................................................37
4. MEERTALIGHEID IN DE ZORG...............................................................................................................................37
4.1 Uitdagingen in de zorg.............................................................................................................................37
(Functie)beperking....................................................................................................................................... 38
1. WAT IS EEN BEPERKING?....................................................................................................................................38
1.1 Definitie....................................................................................................................................................38
1.2 Beleid: VN-verdrag inzake rechten van personen met een handicap......................................................38
1.3 Paradigmaverschuiving............................................................................................................................38
2. WAAR KOM IK DIT TEGEN ALS PC?.......................................................................................................................39
2.1 Wereldwijde prevalentie..........................................................................................................................39
2.2 Arbeids- en organisatiepsychologie.........................................................................................................39
2.3 Klinische psychologie................................................................................................................................39
2.4 School- en pedagogische psychologie......................................................................................................39
3. 2 THEORIEËN TER BENADERING............................................................................................................................40
3.1 Capability approach – Nussbaum............................................................................................................40
3.1.1 Capabilities....................................................................................................................................................... 40
3.1.2 Functionings.....................................................................................................................................................41
3.1.3 Resources en conversiefactoren.......................................................................................................................41
3.1.4 Wat bij mensen met een beperking?................................................................................................................41
3.2 Presentie-theorie – Baart hfdst 8.............................................................................................................42
3.2.1 Werkzame elementen (8).................................................................................................................................42
3.2.2 De presentiebeoefenaar...................................................................................................................................42
TOPOI.......................................................................................................................................................... 43
1. THEORETISCHE BASIS (OF2)................................................................................................................................43
1.1 Diversiteitsbewuste communicatie..........................................................................................................43
2. TOPOI-MODEL................................................................................................................................................44
2.1 Gebruik van het TOPOI-model..................................................................................................................44
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