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PRINCIPLES IN INHALATION SEDATION
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PRINCIPLES IN INHALATION SEDATION
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PRINCIPLES IN INHALATIONSEDATION
What is inhalation sedation?
Inhalation sedation has been defined as:
A semi-hypnotic technique of conscious sedation in which
nitrous oxide and oxygen are employed to produce
physiological changes which enhance the patient’s
suggestibility. The patient should remain conscious and
co-operative throughout, with all vital reflexes intact.
Aim of treatment
Inhalation sedation is used to alleviate anxiety so that the
patient can cooperate sufficiently to allow dental
treatment to take place, whilst maintaining
communication at all times.
Advantages of inhalation sedation
The advantages of using inhalation sedation include:
rapid onset (the clinical signs appear in 2 to 3
minutes)
rapid peak action (3 to 5 minutes)
depth of sedation is easily regulated
duration of sedation is flexible
rapid recovery (3 to 5 minutes on 100% oxygen)
moderate analgesia
no injection
few side effects
drug is not metabolised
no adverse effects on the liver, kidneys, brain,
cardiovascular system or respiratory system
Disadvantages of inhalation sedation
The main disadvantages are:
cost of equipment
space occupied by equipment
not a potent agent
, degree of cooperation is necessary
possibility of chronic exposure
potent greenhouse gas
PATIENT ASSESSMENT
Good patient assessment is essential for successful
treatment. Each patient should receive a separate
assessment appointment before attending for treatment.
At this visit, the following information should be obtained:
reason for requiring sedation
medical history
dental history
social history
A treatment plan should then be agreed and
written, and the patient should be given written and
verbal instructions about the sedation.
SEDATION INSTRUCTION
Sedation instructions should include:
what inhalation sedation is
what its effects are
pre and postoperative instructions
Administration of inhalation sedation
Patient checks
On arrival at the clinic, a patient checklist should be
completed. The clinician needs to ensure that:
patient consent is valid and up-to-date
medical history is up-to-date and any routine
medication has been taken
the patient has had a light meal within 2 to 4 hours of
their appointment
no alcohol has been consumed within the last 24 hours
the patient has attended with an appropriate escort
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