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Summary Richard Duke of York
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Revision notes on Richard Duke of York and his rivalry with the Duke of Somerset
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Background- 1450- Suffolk killed, York in Ireland, Normandy lost and Cade’s rebellion
York travelled through North Wales and through his estates, strengthening his military
entourage which made the king and Somerset more suspicious of him
What did York want to achieve on his return from Ireland-
Was in Ireland when Normandy was lost
Returned without being asked to a harsh reception in North Wales
Somerset filled the gap left by Suffolk after defeat in Normandy
York claimed the king tried to have him arrested when trying to travel through north wales-
signified the lack of trust on both sides
1. To clear his name-
Mortimer in rebel manifesto
Call to take advice from York instead of Suffolk
Pointed to York’s claim to the throne even though he wanted to replace somerset
York was fearful of how the Duke of Gloucester had been treated
Headed for London with 3,000 men
Seemed his return was an answer to the call of the rebels
Waited 2 months before his return
Throughout the journey sent letters to the king declaring his loyalty but did little to ease
tensions or suspicions
2. To get his loans repaid-
He was the wealthiest noble in England
His position demanded that he pay retainers and keep us appearances
By 1450 he had to sell lands to make ends meet
Owed £26,000 by the government
Had not been paid for his lieutenancy in Ireland
Threatened earlier in the year to return to England
Somerset was having his war loans paid over York
3. To protect his position-
He was the senior nobleman and so felt he deserved the position of chief advisor
He feared being side-lined again and wanted to protect his position as heir presumptive
If he was found guilty of treason, Somerset may have taken his place as heir presumptive
4. To remove Somerset-
York blamed the loss of Normandy on Somerset
York and Somerset were rivals and highly suspicious of each other
, Dartford Coup 1452-
Background-
In September 1451, York turned down the offer to join the King’s council at Coventry and
returned to Ludlow which is when York decided force was his only option
Organised propaganda- intention to bring good governance and rid the king of evil advisors
Pro-York demonstrations
Causes-
Acted against his enemies before they acted against him even though there was no evidence
that Somerset was planning to act against him
Somerset’s failure in France
York had failed to gain power through the government
Henry VI’s favouritism of Somerset
York thought Somerset was unpunished
Somerset got the rewards and positions that York wanted
York thought he should be in power
Events-
With the support of the Earl of Devon and Lord Cobham, York rode from Ludlow to London
with an army
Propaganda to gain support while still declaring their loyalty
No other nobles joined
London failed to rise and shut its gates to him
2nd March 1452- reached Dartford and met the king with a strong army
Buckingham, Salisbury, and Warwick who used to support York turned to the King’s side
York was forced to submit to the king and give his list of complaints against Somerset
Reasons for a lack of success-
Henry was active in overseeing justice in the south of England
The majority of the nobility were unwilling to rise in support of York
York’s use of letters actually warned the king
London was loyal to the king and Kent did not rise
There was more prosperity and so less discontent
York’s demands were too personal and looked like treason
However, he did raise and army of 20,000 and 18 months later he was regent
Consequences-
York had to complete an oath of allegiance and forced to swear never to use force for
political means
No charge of treason/ execution and imprisonment
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