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Samenvatting - Immunologie

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Samenvatting cursus Immunologie (hoort bij facet Hematologie) - AP Hogeschool - Biomedische Laboratoriumtechnologie - eerste jaar semester 2 Samenvatting met afbeeldingen en tekeningen voor beter begrip

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  • June 4, 2023
  • 27
  • 2022/2023
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Immunologie
Examen juni 2023

,Inhoudsopgave
Inleiding ........................................................................................................................................... 3
Niet-specifiek verweer .................................................................................................................... 11
Cellen van het niet-specifiek verweer ......................................................................................... 11
Cellulaire mechanismen ............................................................................................................. 11
Receptoren ................................................................................................................................. 12
Eiwitten van het niet-specifiek verweer ...................................................................................... 14
Specifiek verweer........................................................................................................................... 17
Antigenen ................................................................................................................................... 18
Antilichamen ............................................................................................................................... 21

, Inleiding
Het verweer
- Voorkomen van invasie door vreemde organismen en moleculen
→ bescherming tegen ziekten en aandoeningen

Immuunsysteem moet een onderscheid kunnen maken tussen eigen en niet-eigen cellen (eigen
structuren kunnen herkennen)
Niet-eigen cellen = bacteriën, abnormale lichaamscellen (kankercellen), cellen van andere
individuen (bij transplantaties)

- Balans tussen vernietigen vreemde cellen en vermijden zelfdestructie

o Immuundeficiëntie = verzwakt immuunsysteem
o Hypergevoeligheid / hyperactiviteit = allergie
o Auto-immuniteit = reactie tegen eigen lichaamscellen

- Niet-specifiek verweer = aangeboren = innate immune system
- Specifiek verweer = verworven = adaptive immune system
Specifieke receptoren
→ ontstaan tijdens ontwikkeling van cellen
→ herkennen eigen en niet-eigen (leren wat eigen is)

Receptoren
= membraaneiwit
Receptor / ligand interactie = algemeen biochemisch verschijnsel = manier van communicatie = manier om
reactie teweeg te brengen




Kd = [L][R] / [LR] → bindings- of associatieconstante: hoe kleiner, hoe groter de affiniteit tussen ligand en
receptor

Eiwitten
- Informatie opbouw (genen)
- Biopolymeren van aminozuren (peptidebinding)

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