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EMA1501 Assignment 2 2023 (698018)
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EMA1501Assignment
2 2023
(698018)
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
[School]
[Course title]
, EMA1501 Assignment 2 2023 (698018)
Question 1
1. Bruner’s theory focuses on levels of knowing and operates on three levels,
that is, enactive, iconic and symbolic levels.
1.1 Discuss the three types of knowledge and provide an example of each. Do
not use the examples in the study guide, create your own. (9)
The three types of knowledge according to Bruner's theory are enactive, iconic,
and symbolic knowledge.
Enactive Knowledge: Enactive knowledge refers to knowledge gained through
direct, hands-on experience and actions. It involves learning through physical
manipulation and interaction with the environment. An example of enactive
knowledge is learning to ride a bicycle. The child learns by actually getting on the
bike, pedaling, balancing, and experiencing the physical sensations and movements
involved in riding.
Iconic Knowledge: Iconic knowledge involves the use of visual representations or
mental images to understand and represent information. It includes learning
through visual cues and pictures. For example, when a child sees a picture of an
elephant, they form a mental image of what an elephant looks like. They can
recognize and recall the image of an elephant based on its distinctive features.
Symbolic Knowledge: Symbolic knowledge is the highest level of knowing
according to Bruner's theory. It involves the use of symbols, language, and abstract
representations to understand and communicate ideas. An example of symbolic
knowledge is learning to read and write. Children learn to associate letters with
sounds, form words, and express their thoughts through written language.
1.2 Generate a three-column table where you evaluate how learning takes
place according to:
• Piaget
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