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Key Definitions for the UNIT 4 Criminology Exam
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6 pages worth of definitions/explanations of each keyword. Essential to know all these to achieve top grades in the exam. Good luck everyone!
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UNIT 4 GLOSSARY OF TERMSKey term Definition/Explanation
CCTV (Closed-circuit television) This is the system used to monitor certain
areas and for surveillance purposes. It makes it easier to identify
victims and is overall very reliable to use as evidence.
Charity (a) A charity is a voluntary organisation that aims to tackle certain
aspects that need more aid from society. This can be food banks or
money donations made to the organisation.
Common Law This is a judge made law that is based on the results and treatment
of past cases. It's also known as the ‘unwritten law’ as it's written by
the judges and not by the politicians. It is used to help the judges
reach a verdict on what to do for the result of the case and the
facts are used greatly to influence this decision.
Community sentence This is a punishment given for when the defendant has been
convicted of a crime but isn't sent to prison, may be unpaid work
done in the local community e.g picking up litter off the streets.
Conditional This is where the offender is able to meet conditions that the judge
discharge sets and therefore their record won't show a conviction, but the
offender itself is registered on the criminal record.
CPTED Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design - focused on
reducing crime and the fear of crime, by removing the opportunity
for crime to take place in the environment.
Crime Control This is a scheme set to punish people and make a difference
model of justice towards society in reducing crime and showing the public that by
these arrests and convictions, it can show the criminal justice system
to be effective and beneficial to society.
Crown Court This is the third tier in the hierarchy of criminal courts in England and
Wales, above the Magistrates’ Court and below the Court of
Appeal. The Crown Court is the primary court for serious criminal
offences but will also hear appeals from the Magistrates’ Court and
may also sentence those convicted in the Magistrates’ Court as
well as those found guilty in the Crown Court.
, Curfew This is a limit that can be given to someone in regards to where
they can be until a certain time as per the rules given to them by
the law e.g not allowed out past 9pm.
Custodial sentence Mandatory custody of the defendant, either in prison or some
other type of confinement. Half of the sentence can be done on
licence depending on the punishment received.
Defendant (a) A defendant is someone who is accused in the court of law for a
crime, a suspect that is expected to face the consequences for
the damage of the crime done e.g prison sentence or possibly
sued.
Defensible space Specific building/area used to house defendants in
residential environments.
Discharge This is a type of conviction where a court finds you guilty but does
not give you a sentence because the offence is very minor, no
further action is taken for the case.
Due Process model Used to protect the interest of the suspect who is up against the
of justice CJS. They should be seen as innocent until proven guilty.
Electronic tag This is a type of tracking device that's usually attached to the
offender's ankle to monitor their actions if they are permitted to be
outside. failure to follow the restrictions given will result in some form
of punishment by the law.
Financial penalty Being expected to pay a certain amount of money as per the
decision made on the case.
Full Code Test A test that the defendant has to do so that the prosecutor can make
a decision and charge the suspect.
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