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Essay unit 8 applied science muscular system
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Harisa AkhtarMusculoskeletal Disorders
Introduction:
The fundamental function of the musculoskeletal system is to support the body's movement. The
skeleton's bones, muscles, tendons, cartilage, ligaments, and other connective tissues make
comprise the skeleton. The skeleton, which is separated into two halves, is an important aspect of
the musculoskeletal system. The axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton are the two types of
skeletons. These components are crucial because they aid in body movement and mobility. The axial
skeleton protects the lungs, heart, brain, and other organs and is made up of 80 bones. However, it
also acts as a connector for the muscles that move the head, back, and neck. This indicates that it is
important in upper-body motion. There are 128 bones in the appendicular skeleton, including the
bones that connect each leg to the axial skeleton. The bones in the lower area of the body, such as
the legs and feet, make up the appendicular skeleton. This implies that it aids in the mobility of the
lower body.
There are four different types of bones in human skeleton. They're uneven, flat, short, and lengthy.
Many of our flat bones provide a protective function. They safeguard our interior organs, including
the brain and heart. The cranium and scapula contain them. Flat bones can also provide broad
attachment zones for muscles. In the wrist and ankle, there are short bones. They are important in
sprinting and jumping because their role is to absorb a lot of weight and pressure. Carpals and
phalanges are examples of short bones. Because long bones are found in our arms and legs, they are
where most movement occurs. Blood cells are also produced in the long bones. The three long
bones of the arm are the radius, ulna, and humerus. Irregular bones serve as both a protective
barrier and a source of support for the body. The intricate forms of these bones aid in the protection
of the organs. The patella is an example of an irregular bone.
There are three types of joints in the human body. Fixed joints (Fibrous), slightly movable joints
(Cartilaginous), and freely movable joints are the three types of joints (Synovial). Tough tissue holds
the fixed joints together. The pelvis and the skull are two examples of this sort of joint. Joints that
are only slightly moveable can only move to a limited extent. Because most movement occurs in the
synovial joints, they are free to move. They can be found around the legs, limbs, and other body
parts. Rotational movement is possible thanks to the pivot joints. This helps with head mobility. It's
found at the top of the spine, where it joins the neck. This allows you to move about. The gliding
joint allows tiny bones in the body to extend and flex. They're found on the palms of the hands and
the soles of the feet. Ligaments limit how far the joint can move. Smaller bones can move left to
right and up and down via the saddle joint. The fingers are where you'll find them. The wrist houses
the primary condyloid joint. The condyloid joint allows for movement in all directions, which is
necessary for hand movement.
Axial skeleton.
Bone name Bone type Location Structure and key Function of bone
features
, Harisa Akhtar
Cranium thin and The cranium is the The cranium is a The purpose of
flat. highest part of the component of the the skull is to
head. Running your skull. There are 22 hold and
hands over the bones in the skull, preserve the
crown of your head eight of which are brain. It also
will reveal this cranial bones. The enables for the
structure. cranial roof and the passage of the
cranial base are the cranial nerves,
two primary sections which are
of the cranium. Facial necessary for
bones are attached to daily functioning.
the cranial bones and Some defects in
provide structure to craniofacial
the face as well as a anatomy are
place for the facial visible in infancy
muscles to attach. The as the baby's
full skull is made up of head develops
the cranial and facial and expands.
bones. Tumours and
fractures are two
more cranial
disorders.
Mandible Irregular The mandible is the The mandible is made The mandible, or
bone. largest and up of two parts: the lower jaw, is a
strongest bone in body and the ramus, bone that forms
the face, placed and it is placed below the lower half of
lower in the facial the maxilla. The lower the skull and the
skeleton. It serves jawline is formed by a mouth structure,
as a receptacle for horizontally curved along with the
the lower teeth and section of the body. maxilla (upper
forms the lower The rami are two jaw). The lower
jaw. The vertical processes that jaw opens and
temporomandibular link the body at the shuts the mouth,
joint is formed by it angle of the mandible as well as
articulating on both on either side of the allowing food to
sides with the body. be chewed. The
temporal bone. lower jaw
houses the lower
set of teeth in
the mouth.
Maxilla simple unit Maxilla bone This bone has five The maxilla is a
or two location is in the major parts: one is the bone that
paired but mid-face. It runs body, and the other contributes to
fused from just below the four are projections the structure of
bones. glabella – the part called processes the skull. It's in
of the forehead (frontal, zygomatic, the middle of the
that sits between palatine, alveolar). The face, creates the
the eyes – along intermaxillary suture upper jaw,
either side of the connects the maxilla divides the nasal
nose, and joins on one side with the and oral cavities,
below the nasal equivalent bone on and houses the
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