Summary
Samenvatting - Sociolinguïstiek (F0UK9a)
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Dankzij deze samenvatting behaalde ik een mooi resultaat. Let op: de inhoud van vorig jaar is niet dezelfde van de lessen dit jaar!
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By: mariejonckheere1 • 1 year ago
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Inhoudsopgave1 INLEIDENDE LES..............................................................................................................................1
1.1 VARIANTEN, VARIËTEITEN EN VARIATIE................................................................................................1
1.1.1 WIE KIEST WAT?................................................................................................................................1
1.1.2 INTERIM CONCLUSIE............................................................................................................................1
1.2 DEFINITIE.....................................................................................................................................1
1.2.1 ONTSTAAN........................................................................................................................................2
1.2.2 AFBAKENING.....................................................................................................................................3
1.3 RELEVANTIE..................................................................................................................................3
2 LANDMARKS LABOV.......................................................................................................................4
2.1 WIE?..........................................................................................................................................4
2.2 MARTHA’S VINEYARD.....................................................................................................................4
2.2.1 WAT IS MARTHA’S VINEYARD?.............................................................................................................4
2.2.2 WELKE KLANKVERANDERING BESTUDEERT LABOV?....................................................................................4
2.2.3 WELK MATERIAAL GEBRUIKTE LABOV?....................................................................................................5
2.2.4 HOE VARIATIE METEN?........................................................................................................................5
2.2.5 WELKE FACTOREN BEÏNVLOEDEN DE VARIATIE?........................................................................................5
2.2.6 INTERPRETATIE...................................................................................................................................7
2.3 NEW YORK CITY............................................................................................................................8
2.3.1 ONDERZOEKSVRAGEN..........................................................................................................................8
2.3.2 METHODE.........................................................................................................................................8
2.3.3 RESULTATEN......................................................................................................................................8
2.3.4 AANSLUITING BIJ DE /R/ IN HET NEDERLANDS..........................................................................................9
3 EVOLUTIE IN VARIATIONEEL ONDERZOEK.....................................................................................10
3.1 INLEIDING...................................................................................................................................10
3.2 VERNACULAR..............................................................................................................................10
3.3 PRESTIGE....................................................................................................................................11
3.4 STRATIFICATIE..............................................................................................................................11
3.4.1 WORKING CLASS..............................................................................................................................11
3.4.2 MIDDLE CLASS.................................................................................................................................11
3.4.3 UPPER CLASS...................................................................................................................................12
,3.5 TAALGEMEENSCHAP......................................................................................................................12
3.6 DATAVERZAMELING......................................................................................................................12
3.6.1 GESPROKEN TAAL.............................................................................................................................12
3.6.2 VOOR GESCHREVEN TAAL...................................................................................................................13
3.7 DE VARIABELE EN DE VARIABELE CONTEXT..........................................................................................13
3.8 DE KWANTITATIEVE METHODE.........................................................................................................14
3.9 INTERIM CONCLUSIE......................................................................................................................15
3.9.1 DRIE GOLVEN IN VARIATIONEEL ONDERZOEK: EERSTE GOLF.......................................................................15
3.9.2 DRIE GOLVEN IN VARIATIONEEL ONDERZOEK: TWEEDE GOLF......................................................................17
3.9.3 DRIE GOLVEN IN VARIATIONEEL ONDERZOEK: DERDE GOLF........................................................................17
3.9.4 CONCLUSIE......................................................................................................................................17
4 REGIONALE & SOCIALE FACTOREN................................................................................................19
4.1 INLEIDING...................................................................................................................................19
4.2 SOCIAAL DIALECT..........................................................................................................................19
4.2.1 TUSSENTAAL IN VLAANDEREN.............................................................................................................19
4.2.2 CASE STUDIES & METHODES UIT CORPUSLINQUÏSTIEK: TUSSENTAAL............................................................21
4.2.3 CASE STUDIES & METHODES UIT CORPUSLINQUÏSTIEK: WERKWOORDVOLGORDE............................................23
4.3 REGIONAAL DIALECT......................................................................................................................24
4.3.1 DIALECTOLOGIE ALS VERTREKPUNT VOOR SOCIOLINGUÏSTIEK.....................................................................24
4.3.2 REGIONALE VERSCHILLEN METEN.........................................................................................................24
5 SOCIOLINGUÏSTISCHE VARIATIE IN GEBARENTALEN: EEN INLEIDING (GASTLES)...........................26
5.1 INLEIDING...................................................................................................................................26
5.1.1 GEBARENTALEN ALS NATUURLIJKE TALEN...............................................................................................26
5.1.2 VERSCHILLENDE GEBARENTALEN EN TAALFAMILIES...................................................................................26
5.1.3 DOVENGEMEENSCHAP.......................................................................................................................26
5.1.4 TAALVERWERVING............................................................................................................................27
5.1.5 STATUS VAN GEBARENTAAL................................................................................................................27
5.1.6 TAALKUNDIG ONDERZOEK...................................................................................................................27
5.1.7 ERKENNING GEBARENTALEN................................................................................................................29
5.1.8 MARTHA’S VINEYARD........................................................................................................................29
5.1.9 SOCIOLINGUÏSTIEK IN GEBARENTAAL.....................................................................................................29
5.1.10 TERMINOLOGIE..............................................................................................................................29
5.2 INTERSPREKERVARIATIE..................................................................................................................30
,5.2.1 REGIONALE VARIATIE.........................................................................................................................30
5.2.2 LEEFTIJDVARIATIE.............................................................................................................................30
5.2.3 GENDERVARIATIE..............................................................................................................................31
5.2.4 ETNISCHE VARIATIE...........................................................................................................................31
5.2.5 TALIGE ACHTERGROND......................................................................................................................31
5.2.6 SOCIALE KLASSE................................................................................................................................31
5.3 INTRASPREKERVARIATIE.................................................................................................................31
5.3.1 PRAGMATISCHE GEPASTHEID...............................................................................................................31
5.3.2 GESPREKSPARTNER...........................................................................................................................32
5.4 STANDAARDISERING......................................................................................................................32
5.4.1 STANDAARDTAAL..............................................................................................................................32
5.4.2 STANDAARDISATIE............................................................................................................................32
5.5 TOT SLOT....................................................................................................................................32
6 CONTEXT.......................................................................................................................................33
6.1 INLEIDING...................................................................................................................................33
6.2 CONTEXT BEÏNVLOEDT STIJL............................................................................................................33
6.2.1 FORMALITEIT VAN DE CONTEXT...........................................................................................................33
6.2.2 INTERACTIE TUSSEN SOCIALE KLASSE EN STIJL: HYPERCORRECTIE.................................................................34
6.3 PUBLIEK ALS ONDERDEEL VAN CONTEXT BEÏNVLOEDT STIJL......................................................................35
6.3.1 PUBLIEK BEÏNVLOEDT STIJL: AUDIENCE DESIGN........................................................................................35
7 CASE STUDY: KOPIEGEDRAG.........................................................................................................48
7.1 INLEIDING...................................................................................................................................48
7.2 KOPIEGEDRAG OP VERSCHILLENDE NIVEAUS........................................................................................48
7.2.1 LEXICAAL........................................................................................................................................48
7.2.2 GRAMMATICAAL...............................................................................................................................49
7.2.3 NON-VERBAAL.................................................................................................................................51
7.3 REDENEN VOOR KOPIEGEDRAG........................................................................................................54
7.3.1 COMMUNICATIEF.............................................................................................................................54
7.3.2 SOCIAAL.........................................................................................................................................54
7.3.3 NEUROLOGISCH................................................................................................................................55
7.3.4 SIGNAALFUNCTIE..............................................................................................................................55
8 TAALATTITUDES............................................................................................................................56
, 8.1 WAT ZIJN ATTITUDES?...................................................................................................................56
8.2 HOE MEET JE ATTITUDES?...............................................................................................................56
8.2.1 SOCIETAL TREATMENT.......................................................................................................................56
8.2.2 DIRECTE METHODES..........................................................................................................................58
8.2.3 INDIRECTE METHODES.......................................................................................................................59
9 MULTIMODALE VARIATIE.............................................................................................................64
9.1 INLEIDING...................................................................................................................................64
9.1.1 NON-VERBAAL GEDRAG.....................................................................................................................64
9.1.2 GEBAREN........................................................................................................................................64
9.2 VARIATIE IN ARTICULATOREN..........................................................................................................66
9.2.1 POINTING.......................................................................................................................................66
9.2.2 OBVIOUSNESS..................................................................................................................................66
9.3 CULTURELE/REGIONALE VARIATIE.....................................................................................................67
9.3.1 VARIATIE IN EMBLEMEN: ZOWEL IN AANTAL ALS BETEKENIS.......................................................................67
9.3.2 VARIATIE IN PROXEMICS.....................................................................................................................67
9.3.3 ITALIANEN ALS GEDREVEN HANDGEBAARDERS?.......................................................................................67
9.4 GENDERVARIATIE.........................................................................................................................67
9.5 SOCIAAL.....................................................................................................................................67
9.6 EIGEN ONDERZOEK STICK FIGURES....................................................................................................68
9.6.1 INSCHATTEN GENDER STICK FIGURES.....................................................................................................68
9.6.2 INSCHATTEN LAND STICK FIGURES........................................................................................................68
9.6.3 INSCHATTEN REGIO STICK FIGURES.......................................................................................................68
10 EIGEN ONDERZOEK: TUSSENTAAL...............................................................................................69
10.1 TUSSENTAAL IN RECLAME.............................................................................................................69
10.1.1 FACTOR MEDIUM (L) EN SPREKERSTYPE (MIDDEN) EN GENDER ®.............................................................69
10.1.2 INTERACTIE TUSSEN FACTOREN..........................................................................................................70
10.1.3 MULTIVARIATE ANALYSE: LOGISTISCHE REGRESSIE.................................................................................70
10.2 ONDERZOEK OOSTENRIJK.............................................................................................................70
11 EXAMENVRAAG..........................................................................................................................71
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