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RESUMEN DE HIPOGLICEMIANTE

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MECANISMO DE ACCIÓN CLASIFICACIÓN DE HIPOGLICEMIANTES DOSIS INDICACIONES EFECTOS ADVERSOS

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  • June 6, 2023
  • 6
  • 2022/2023
  • Class notes
  • Dr. jaramillo roger
  • All classes
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HIPOGLICEMIANTES ORALES

SECRETAGOGOS: estimulan a la insulina, hacen que esta se produzca
1. SULFONILUREAS
Primera generación
Clorpropamida
Tolbudamida

Segunda generación

Glibenclamida Hipoglucemia
Gliclazida
No usar con tiazidas
Tercera generación
Glimepirida




2. MEGLITINIDAS
Nateglinida
Repaglinida

3. POTENCIADORES DE INCRETINAS: Dependientes de insulina
Actúan:
▪ Estimulando GLP1
▪ Inhibiendo DPP4

1. SULFONILUREAS: actúan a nivel del receptor de K, impide la salida de K por ende
hace que la célula se active

SUR
SULFONILUREAS

MEGLITINIDAS




▪ No usar en la DIABETES TIPO 1, porque no tiene celula B que puedan
estimular insulina.
▪ Inhiben la formacion de glucosa por parte del higado

, EFECTOS ADVERSOS DE LOS SULFANILUREAS:
▪ Hipoglicemia
▪ GLIBENCLAMIDA: a través del la Subunidad Sur- actúa en receptores del
corazón y por ende no se usan en INFARTO AGUDO DEL MIOCARDIO.
▪ GLICLAZIDA: Son únicas, subunidad SUR de la célula beta.

Por ende, en IAM:
▪ Glibenclamida X
▪ Glicazida ✓
▪ Glimepirida ✓

2. MEGLITINIDAS: actúan a nivel del receptor de K
▪ Nateglinida
▪ Repaglinida
Indicadas en la DIABETES MELLITUS TIPO 2

EFECTOS ADVERSOS DE LOS MEGLITINIDAS:
▪ Hipoglicemia
3. POTENCIADORES DE INCRETINAS
❖ Estimulada por la alimentación
❖ Regulada por la producción de insulina
❖ No producen hipoglicemia o en ciertos casos de manera escasa

Estimulantes de GLP1
Disminuye el vaciamiento gástrico- Sensación de saciedad
Exenatide
Liraglutide Crea una señal parecida a la del GLP1, pero estos no son destruidos por
la DPP4.

Riesgo de hipoglucemia bajo.
Inhibidores de DPP4

Saxagliptina Bloquea al DPP4
Vildagliptina
Sitagliptina

Necesitan de una célula B funcional o medianamente funcional:

• SULFANILUREAS
• MEGLITINIDAS
• P/ INCRETINAS

SENSIBILIZADORES DE INSULINA

Son antihiperglicemiantes

No actúan en la célula Beta si no en los receptores periféricos

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