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Summary Evidence based medicine 3
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Pharmacy - foundation in pharmacy practice Summary notes including bullet points, key diagrams/images
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Evidence Based Medicine 3Where does evidence come from? (Best to worst)
Meta analysis of large and small well designed RTCs
Case control and cohorts studies
Case reports
Consensus of experts
Systematic reviews
Summarises large volumes of literature
Objective summary of best evidence
Overcome problems of small studies
Ensure timely introduction of beneficial treatments and services
Meta-analysis so average effect across studies to increase power of precision and
estimates
Search and study of selection
Search issues: language, year, search fields and relevant records
Study selection: need clear inclusion and exclusion
Quality assessment: explicit criteria, sample size and outcome
Information management
Foraging: a service that surveys literature and alerts them to important or useful
information
Hot synching: focussed CPD on common conditions by reviewing evidence from trusted
sources
Can’ t find relevant information
Usefulness= relevance x validity/work required
Spot what isn’t important
Not relevant: upstream clinical decisions, study
populations or settings that don’t reflect the question
type
Not valid: poor study design, bias, measurement
validity and insufficient power
Problems with Evidence Based Medicine
Too much information
Not always valid or reliable
Look for work that’s already been reviewed
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